International Business Machines Corporation

Edith Gail Schonberg

Xuan Liu

Moninder Singh

Paul Andrew Moskowitz

Juhnyoung Lee

Charles Philippe Tresser

Achille Belly Fokoue-Nkoutche

Kavitha Srinivas

Ronald Perez

Mark Edward Podlaseck

Sastry Duri

David A Wood

Leora Morgenstern

Aditya Anand Kalyanpur

Michael Desmond

Harold Leon Ossher

Sophia Krasikov

Kathryn Ann Bohrer

Jung-Mu Tang

Marco O Gruteser

Matthew J Callery

Dogan Kesdogan

Jan Leonard Camenisch

Larisa Shwartz

Genady Grabarnik

Julian Timothy Dolby

Li Li Ma

Nagui Halim

Matthias Schunter

Michael Waidner

Nicholas Matthew Mitchell

Harini Srinivasan

Ian D Simmonds

Calvin Stacy Powers

Charles Campbell Palmer

Gary Seth Sevitsky

John Karat

Steven B Adler

Arthur Miles Gilbert

Elsie A Van Herreweghen

Robert Hoch

Nigel Howard Julian Brown

Adam Charles Nelson

Michael Schnyder

Aaron Stephen Jay Kershenbaum

Catherine Anne Chess

Endre Felix Bangerter

Aaron Kershenbaum

Michael Robert McCullough

Nedumaran Palani Kumanan

Matthew P Leonard

Techniques for computing a solution to a query formulated against a knowledge base (KB) are provided. The techniques include receiving a query formulated against a knowledge base, wherein the knowledge base comprises a set of one or more axioms, wherein each axiom is annotated with a specific probability value indicating a degree of certainty assigned thereto, ignoring each probability value of the one or more axioms and computing a solution to the query, computing each of one or more justifications for the query solution, wherein computing each of one or more justifications for the query solution comprises determining a minimal set of one or more axioms in the knowledge base that entail the query solution, and using each probability value of the one or more axioms in each justification to compute a net probability of an inferred query solution.

Large scale probabilistic ontology reasoning

Disclosed is a computer-implemented method to create a presentation having at least one sheet, where each sheet contains one or more visual elements, as well as a system and computer program embodied on a computer-readable storage medium. The method includes, in response to input from a user, representing visual elements as depictions in a model, where each depiction depicts a single item in the model, where each item is a unit of information with a unique identifier, where each item can be depicted by at least one depiction and each depiction defines the visual representation of the item's information via the visual element. The method further includes, in response to a change to an item made by altering the visual element associated with the depiction of the item, automatically propagating the change to the item to all other depictions of the item across all sheets of the presentation. The method further includes updating the associated visual elements to reflect the change to the item.

Smart slide creation and presentation

Techniques are presented for providing a software fitting assessment. The techniques may be performed by methods, apparatus, and/or computer program products. The techniques include automatically matching on a computer system one or more specified requirements for a project with one or more software functions stored in a repository. The automatically matching includes mining the repository in order to match requirements. The repository includes software functions, requirements accumulated from previous projects, and results of stored matches between the software functions and the requirements accumulated from previous projects. The techniques include outputting by the computer system one or more results of the matching.

Techniques providing a software fitting assessment

The invention includes various systems, architectures, frameworks and methodologies that can securely enforce a privacy policy. A method is included for securely guaranteeing a privacy policy between two enterprises, comprising: creating a message at a first enterprise, wherein the message includes a request for data concerning a third party and a privacy policy of the first enterprise; signing and certifying the message that the first enterprise has a tamper-proof system with a privacy rules engine and that the privacy policy of the first entity will be enforced by the privacy rules engine of the first enterprise; sending the message to a second enterprise; and running a privacy rules engine at the second enterprise to compare the privacy policy of the first enterprise with a set of privacy rules for the third party.

Secure system and method for enforcement of privacy policy and protection of confidentiality

In a computer, a first set of object classes are provided representing active entities in an information-handling process and a second set of object classes are provided representing data and rules in the information-handling process. At least one object class has rules associated with data. The above-mentioned objects are used in constructing a model of an information-handling process, and to provide an output that identifies at least one way in which the information-handling process could be improved. One aspect is a method for handling personally identifiable information. Another aspect is a system for executing the method of the present invention. A third aspect is as a set of instructions on a computer-usable medium, or resident in a computer system, for executing the method of the present invention.

Using an object model to improve handling of personally identifiable information

Methods and apparatus, including computer program products, for scalable ontology reasoning. A method of generating a summarized ontology includes loading an ontology from a store, eliminating relationships in the ontology, the eliminating relationships including an insertion of new relationships that simplify the ontology, eliminating individuals in the ontology, the eliminating individuals including insertion of new individuals to simplify the ontology, eliminating concepts in the ontology including insertion of new concepts to simplify the ontology, and generating the summarized ontology from the eliminating relationships, eliminating individuals and eliminating concepts.

Scaleable ontology reasoning to explain inferences made by a tableau reasoner

The present invention is a method and apparatus for safe ontology reasoning. In one embodiment, a method for building safe sub-ontology that includes one or more elements of a given ontology includes designating at least one the elements as a sensitive element, where a sensitive element is an element not to be revealed. The method then designates a safe sub-ontology such that the safe sub-ontology does not include any elements that, alone or in combination, allow inference of a sensitive element, in accordance with one or more given inference rules. In another embodiment, a method for building a potential sub-ontology includes designating at least one of the elements as a sensitive element and including a maximal number of the elements in the potential sub-ontology, wherein the maximal number includes the greatest number of elements that can be revealed, cumulatively, without allowing inference of a sensitive element, in accordance with one or more given inference rules.

Method and apparatus for safe ontology reasoning

Techniques for assessing the utilization efficiency of a portion of memory are provided. One or more images of a portion of memory are obtained. The one or more memory elements found within each image are categorized into one or more application-neutral categories, wherein the one or more categories distinguish between data and structural overhead. At least one analysis is performed on the one or more categorized memory elements of the one or more images using a measure representative of the efficiency of utilization of the portion of memory. The one or more results of the analysis step are outputted.

Methods and apparatus for assessing health of memory utilization of a program

An exemplary embodiment of the present invention includes a method to enforce privacy preferences on exchanges of personal data of a data-subject. The method comprises the steps of: specifying data-subject authorization rule sets having subject constraints, receiving a request message from a requester and a requester privacy statement, comparing the requester privacy statement to the subject constraints, and releasing the data-subject data in a response message to the requester only if the subject constraints are satisfied. The requester privacy statement includes purpose, retention, recipient, and access information, wherein the purpose information specifies the purpose for which the requested data is acquired, the retention information specifies a retention policy for the requested data, the recipient information specifies the recipients of the requested data, and the access information specifies whether the requested data should be accessing to the data-subject after the data has been released.

System, method, and business methods for enforcing privacy preferences on personal-data exchanges across a network

The invention includes various systems, architectures, frameworks and methodologies that can securely enforce a privacy policy. A method is include for securely guaranteeing a privacy policy between two enterprises, comprising: creating a message at a first enterprise, wherein the message includes a request for data concerning a third party and a privacy policy of the first enterprise; signing and certifying the message that the first enterprise has a tamper-proof system with a privacy rules engine and that the privacy policy of the first entity will be enforced by the privacy rules engine of the first enterprise; sending the message to a second enterprise; and running a privacy rules engine at the second enterprise to compare the privacy policy of the first enterprise with a set of privacy rules for the third party.

A computer system and method computes conversion rates for individual products and/or product categories in an e-commerce Web site for measuring the effectiveness of the marketing in the Web site, and to associate the conversion rates with metadata information about products and/or product categories on served Web pages. An aggregation process traverses the log to determine the number of one or more of the shopping activities by requesters in the Web site, to compare two or more of the activity numbers in a conversion rate, and to relate the conversion rate to one or more of the metadata fields. The conversion rates give a measure of the effectiveness of the Web site and/or portions of the Web site for sales, marketing and merchandising.

Aggregating and analyzing information about content requested in an e-commerce web environment to determine conversion rates

A server system on a network such as the World Wide Web aggregates and stores information about the content of Web pages served by a server on a network. A server process receives one or more requests for Web pages from requesters connected to the network. Upon receiving the request, the server produces a requested Web page and serves the Web page to the requester. The Web pages have with one or more content elements in addition to one or more metadata entries. The metadata entries are associated with the content elements of the respective Web page produced. The system also creates and maintains a log having a plurality of records. Each record has requester fields and metadata fields. A logger process stores the metadata entries contained in each of the Web pages in one or more of the metadata fields, and stores a requester identification, associated with the requester, in the requester field of the record associated with the respective Web page.

System and method for collecting and analyzing information about content requested in a network (world wide web) environment

A server system on a network such as the World Wide Web aggregates and stores information about the content of one or more Web pages served by a server on a network. A server process receives one or more requests for one or more Web pages from one or more requesters connected to the network. Upon receiving the request, the server produces a requested Web page and serves the Web page to the requester. The Web pages have with one or more content elements in addition to one or more metadata entries. One or more of the metadata entries are associated with the content elements of the respective Web page produced. The system also creates and maintains a log having a plurality of records. Each record has one or more requester fields and one or more metadata fields. A logger process stores the metadata entries contained in each of the Web pages in one or more of the metadata fields, and stores a requester identification, associated with the requester, in the requester field of the record associated with the respective Web page. It comprises two parts: the Web page description field and the hyperlink field list.

System and method for collecting and analyzing information about content requested in a network (World Wide Web) environment

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New York, NY, United States of America

Edith Gail Schonberg