Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe Gmbh

Karlsruher Institut Fur Technologie

Eckhard Dinjus

Edmund Henrich

Friedhelm Weirich

Andrea Kruse

Stephan Pitter

Klaus Raffelt

Achim Jansen

Frank K&ouml;ster

Nancy Holzhey

Martin Ahlmann

Olaf Walter

Massaru Watanabe

Florian Baier

Ali Sinag

Method for fast pyrolysis of lignocellulose including: mechanically comminuting the lignocellulose to lignocellulose particles; at least one of completely drying and preheating the lignocellulose particles; mixing the lignocellulose particles with heat transfer particles so as to provide a mixture; heating the heat transfer particles, prior to the mixing, to a temperature between 500&#xb0; C. and 650&#xb0; C.; and heating, in a pyrolysis reactor with oxygen excluded, the lignocellulose particles using the heat transfer particles so as to establish a temperature between 400&#xb0; C. and 600&#xb0; C. for 1 to 50 seconds and so as to react the lignocellulose particles so as to provide pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate, and pyrolysis gas.

Method for the rapid pyrolysis of lignocellulose

A method is provided for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from a biomass for entrained-flow pressure gasification that includes: heating of the biomass under exclusion of oxygen in a pyrolysis reactor, a temperature of between 400 to 600&#xb0; C. being established for one to 50 seconds, such that the biomass reacts to form porous pyrolysis coke, pyrolysis condensate and pyrolysis gas; and drawing off the pyrolysis gas; condensing vaporous constituents of the pyrolysis condensate in a plurality of condensation stages so as to: condense, in a first condensation stage, at temperatures above the dew point of water, a low-temperature carbonization tar from the vaporous constituents; and condense and separate at temperatures between 0&#xb0; C. and the dew point of water, in at least one subsequent condensation stage, an aqueous solution of oxygen containing organic compounds.

Method for producing and preparing fast pyrolysis products from biomass for an entrained-flow pressure gasification

The invention relates to a method for producing formoxysilane. A silane of the formula R SiH , wherein R is an organic or inorganic substituent and n&equals;0, 1, 2 or 3, is converted with carbon dioxide in a solvent in the presence of a catalyst consisting of a compound of a transitional metal pertaining to the subgroup VIIIb of the periodic system. The aim of the invention is to find a catalyst for the method mentioned above. The catalyst should be more simple, easy to produce and thus more cost-effective, easily available in large quantities and being provided with high activity and product selectivity. To this end, a halide of the transitional metal or a compound of the transitional metal are used as catalyst. Said compound is produced by converting a halide of the transitional metal with a nitrile in the presence of the silane of the formula R SiH .

Method for producing formoxysilane

A method for carboxylating terminal alkynes that have at least one additional aliphatic carbon atom in an &agr; position and that do not have a proton which has a higher acidity than that of the proton of the terminal triple bond. In an undivided electrolysis cell equipped with a cathode and an anode, a solution of the terminal alkyne in an aprotic solvent is acted upon by carbon dioxide at a pressure higher than atmospheric pressure. The invention provides a method in which carbon dioxide is selectively inserted between the terminal C&mdash;H bond, without disturbing the triple bond, and can be carried out without a catalyst or catalyst precursor.

Method for carboxylating terminal alkynes

The invention relates to the reaction of 1,3-butadiene and carbon dioxide. The invention aims at providing a catalyst for said reaction, which can be easily recovered and does not contaminate the final product. The invention also relates to a method for producing &dgr;-lactone. According to the invention, a phosphinoalkyl-functionalized polystyrene is used to produce such a catalyst. The catalyst can be obtained by reacting phosphinoalkyl-functionalized polystyrene with (&eegr;,-cyclopentadienyl) (&eegr;,-allyl)palladium. The catalyst is used in the method to produce &dgr;-lactone.

Catalyst obtained from phosphinoalkyl-functionalized polystyrene and method for the production of &dgr;-lactone

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Leimersheim, Germany

Eckhard Dinjus