Gesellschaft Fur Strahlenund Umweltforschung Mbh

Leybold-heraeus Gmbh

Commissariat a L'energie Atomique

Gesellschaft Fur Strahlen- Und Umweltforschung Mbh, Munchen

Gesellschaft Fur Strahlen-und Unweltforschung Mbh (gsf)

Eberhard Unsold

Reiner Wechsung

Franz Hillenkamp

Raimund Kaufmann

Jean-Francois Eloy

Walter Bank

Rainer Nitsche

Gerhard Renner

Lothar Aberle

Herbert Stepp

Reinhold Baumgartner

Wolfgang Beyer

Wolfram Gorisch

Armin Heinze

Dieter Jocham

Henning Vogt

Rainer Nietsche

Hans Lenz

Wolfram Weinsheimer

Ralph Dietrich

Ronald Sroka

A method and an apparatus for the substantially uniform irradiation of the entire area of cavities from the inside. The apparatus comprises a light source and a layer comprising a material having a high-scatter capability, low transmission and low absorption, wherein said layer fits well to the interior surface of a cavity. The method comprises placing an area-covering layer along rhe cavity wall of the cavity to be irradiated with a material having a high diffusive reflection capability, low transmission, and low absorption capability to obtain a lined cavity; introducing a light source onto the interior of the lined cavity; and irradiating the lined cavity so that the light entering from the area-covering layer into the cavity wall is homogeneously distributed.

Method and apparatus for the irradiation of cavities

An apparatus for producing various laser wavelengths from the same laser medium by means of resonator mirrors. In accordance with the apparatus any desired, given combination of laser wavelengths can be brought to emission simultaneously or at least in very rapid alternation (switching time 1 ms) with the use of standard resonator mirrors linearly arranged outside of a laser medium, with part of at least one of the resonator mirrors being configured so that it serves as resonator limitation for a certain laser wavelength or wavelength group but another part of the at least one of the resonator mirrors constitutes an intracavity element for the respective other wavelength(s) or wavelength group(s).

Apparatus for generating various laser wavelengths from the same laser

The present invention relates to a method and apparatus for the uniform and simultaneous illumination by means of radiation of the interior surfaces of cavities for the purpose of observation and/or irradiation. In particular, such cavities may be not only hollow organ cavities, but also cavities in non-organic objects. The solution provides that the interior of the cavities is filled, at least in part, with a light scattering or dispersing medium and the dispersing medium is caused to shine or scatter light by means of one or a plurality of radiations or scattered light. With the integral irradiation used according to the present invention, two procedures are combined technologically, namely diagnosis and therapy of, for example, carcinoma in organ cavities which have been photosensitized by chemical substances, possibly on the basis of differences in decomposition of cancerous and normal tissue.

Method for illuminating cavities

Panoramic detector of ions spatially distributed in different beams, comprising a plane symmetry diaphragm having an opening permitting the passage of the beams and which is brought to earth potential, an electrode for converting ions into electrons having an opening facing the diaphragm opening, the conversion electrode having the same plane of plane symmetry and being brought to a negative potential relative to the earth potential, and a planar electrode facing the conversion electrode and brought to a positive potential relative to the potential of the conversion electrode, the face of the conversion electrode facing the planar electrode having a predetermined shape in such a way that the electron beams formed retain the same spatial distribution as the beams of ion to be detected in the presence of an applied magnetic field.

Panoramic ion detector

A method for studying a fluid by forming a stream of the fluid, exciting the stream by causing a laser beam to impinge thereon to produce secondary particles or quanta, and subjecting the resulting secondary particles or quanta to an analysis operation in an analyzer.

Fluid analyzer utilizing a laser beam

Mass spectrograph comprising an ion source, means for analyzing the ions emitted by this source and a panoramic ion detector, wherein the analysis means are of the type with magnetic separation and measurement of the time of flight and the ion source is a pulsed source. The panoramic ion detector comprises an ion inlet diaphragm, means facing the diaphragm which permit the conversion of ions into electrons, means facing the means for converting the ions into electrons and permitting the conversion of electrons into photons, a photon detector facing the means for converting the electrons into photons and photon guidance means located between the means for converting electrons into photons and the photon detector whereby the photon guidance means have a monoblock structure.

Mass spectrograph

A method and apparatus for analyzing a sample comprising the steps of irradiating a selected area of the sample with a first burst of laser energy to vaporize the sample, condensing the vaporized sample on the surface of an intermediate carrier and analyzing the condensed sample material deposited on the intermediate carrier.

Process and apparatus for analyzing a sample with the aid of pulsed

An apparatus for analyzing a sample by electromagnetic irradiation includes a vacuum chamber, a support for holding the sample in the vacuum chamber, an arrangement for irradiating the sample with an electromagnetic beam, a mass analyzer disposed in the vacuum chamber, an arrangement for extracting particles from the sample and introducing them into the mass analyzer and a layer of conductive material situated in the vicinity of support in the zone of the sample.

Apparatus for analyzing samples by electromagnetic irradiation

In a method for producing selected mass spectra by directing electromagnetic radiation through an optical system onto sample material for vaporization, destruction, excitation and/ or ionization in the microrange, setting the expanse of the irradiation region of the sample by selection of the energy density of the radiation, and detecting the released particles, the radiation power density is varied for producing mass spectra having respectively different proportions of atom and molecule spectra.

Method for producing selected mass spectra

A sample analyzer includes a microscope for alternatively focusing an electromagnetic radiation on the sample to cause ion emission therefrom and visually observing the sample; a mass spectrometer for the mass analysis of the emitted ions; an illuminating device for lighting the sample for the microscopic visual observation thereof; an ion optical system for directing the emitted ions into the mass spectrometer; and a displaceably supported carrier carrying the ion optical system and at least one part of the illuminating device. The carrier has a first position in which the ion optical system is in an operating position in alignment with the sample and a second position in which the illuminating device is in an operating position in alignment with the sample. There is further provided an actuator for selectively moving the carrier into its positions in a direction generally perpendicular to the axis of the ion optical system.

Growing community of inventors

Oberschleissheim, Germany

Eberhard Unsold