California Institute of Technology

Dvin Adalian

Axel Scherer

Xiomara Linnette Madero

Samson Chen

Muhammad Musab Jilani

Peter Albert Petillo

Deepan Kishore Kumar

Richard Smith

Saurabh Vyawahare

Suresh Situala

A sensor implanted in tissues and including a sensing layer is fabricated by mixing the signal transduction enzyme with non-reactive components including buffer salts and fillers, and spin coating the enzyme onto a substrate. The signal transduction enzyme is crosslinked by introducing the coated substrate in a vacuum chamber. In the chamber, a crosslinker evaporates and is deposited onto the enzyme, therefore crosslinking the enzyme.

Method of producing thin enzyme-based sensing layers on planar sensors

Measurement of target analytes is carried out with an enzyme-based sensor. The enzyme hydrogel is protected by a porous layer of a metallic material. The size of the pores is small enough to prevent degradation of the enzyme layer caused by the immune system of an organism, but large enough to allow transfer of molecules that participate in the electrochemical reaction allowing the enzyme to detect the target analytes.

Metal-enzyme sandwich layers

Microfluidic valves constructed from elastomeric materials as the valve body components and employing shape memory alloy in wire form as the valve actuator. Various configurations of individual valves having both normally open and normally closed states are described. Apparatus using such valves and providing logic functionality with fluidic logic outputs are discussed. Apparatus that can be used for materials processing at the nano- or micro-scale are presented. Various forms of logical control of valve arrays are explained.

Electrically actuated valves made from shape memory alloy wires embedded in elastomer

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Pasadena, CA, United States of America

Dvin Adalian