Uop Lcc

Dusan J Engel

Thomas P Malloy

Bipin Virpal Vora

David W House

Ray V Scott, Jr

William M Baumann

Paul R Kurek

Peter Urban

Karl Z Steigleder

Ted Symon

Jean-Pierre Gilson

Peter K Nickl

Richard L Fergin

James P Shoffner

Michael Martan

Steven R Paeschke

Base-catalyzed transesterification may be effected in the presence of certain metal oxide solid solutions and layered double hydroxides as the basic catalyst. Use of the latter materials as the base catalyst readily permits one to conduct transesterification in a continuous manner. Such a continuous process is applicable to esters generally and is not limited to any particular structural types of esters or alcohols. Transesterification of detergent range alkyl acetates by this method leads to the formation of the corresponding detergent range alcohols in excellent yield and with quite high selectivity.

Transesterification using metal oxide solid solutions as the basic

Nitro polyamines, and especially dinitro polyamines, can be readily reduced by a catalyst of zerovalent nickel on silica where the silica contains not more than 10% alumina and where the nickel content of the finished catalyst may be as high as 85%. The reductions can be performed under relatively low temperatures between 40.degree. and 120.degree. C. to avoid the problem of heat lability of the reactant nitro polyamines. Hydrogenations proceed with good conversion as well as good selectivity and the method offers a means of continuous hydrogenation of nitro polyamines.

Continuous reduction of a hindered nitro moiety in aliphatic nitro

A white oil product is produced by hydrogenating a hydrocarbon stream produced from an aromatic alkylation process. The hydrogenation occurs at hydrogenation conditions in the presence of a catalyst comprising a platinum group metal component surface impregnated on a refractory oxide catalyst support. The platinum group metal component is surface impregnated such that the platinum group metal is essentially all located with a 100 micron layer of the surface of the catalyst support.

Process for the production of white oils

A process for the production of hydrocarbon white oil by means of hydrogenating a heavy aromatic alkylate is disclosed. The process is characterized in that its feedstock is a previously undesired heavy hydrocarbon byproduct of aromatic alkylation. A white oil derived from such a process has good color and odor properties and results in a superior white oil lubricant.

Process for the production of white oil from heavy aromatic alkylate

A diethyltoluene mixture rich in 2,5-diethyltoluene and containing less tha 5% of the 3,5-diethyltoluene can be prepared by methylating 1,4-diethylbenzene with an excess of methanol in the presence of amorphous silica-alumina catalysts. The most desirable catalysts have a silica:alumina ratio from about 2:1 through about 9:1. Methylation is conveniently effected in a temperature range between about 300.degree. C. and about 450.degree. C. and most desirably in a hydrogen atmosphere.

Preparation of 2,2-diethyltoluene

N,N'-dialkyl- and diarylphenylenediamines are effective curing agents in combination with other polyamines and polyols in reaction injection molding for a diverse class of polyisocyanates. The diamines provide a broad spectrum of cure times, as well as giving elastomers an interesting and useful diversity of properties. Such polyamines may be used as a constituent in a blend of polyamines as the isocyanate-reactive component, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as predominantly a polyurea, or as a constituent in a blend with polyols, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as an elastomer with both urethane and urea segments.

N,N'-dialkylphenylenediamines as curing agents in polyurethane and

N,N'-dialkyl- and diaylphenylenediamines are effective curing agents in combination with other polyamines and polyols in reaction injection molding for a diverse class of polyisocyanates. The diamines provide a broad spectrum of cure times, as well as giving elastomers an interesting and useful diversity of properties. Such polyamines may be used as a constituent in a blend of polyamines as the isocyanate-reactive component, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as predominantly a polyurea, or as a constituent in a blend with polyols, in which case the elastomer may be viewed as an elastomer with both urethane and urea segments.

N-N'-dialkylphenylenediamines as curing agents in polyurethane and

Liquefaction of lignin by hydrogenolysis in the presence of a catalytic composition of metal sulfides which are prepared in situ and in the presence of a lower aliphatic alcohol affords substantially increased yields of monophenols. When methanol is used in the presence of a catalyst which is a mixture of the sulfides of divalent iron, copper, and tin the total monophenols can be as high as 65% with the total cresols being about 45%. Phenol, which is used as a liquefying solvent, can itself be formed in good yield when lignin tar is used as the liquefying solvent. This affords the opportunity of conducting the liquefaction in a continuous fashion using two stages of reaction.

Process for liquefaction of lignin

An improvement in a process for the isomerization of cresols may be obtained by effecting the isomerization reaction of a cresol in the presence of a phosphorous containing crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst. The added phosphorous provides stability and longer life to the catalyst as well as more stable selectivity to the desired isomers. The isomerization reaction is effected at temperatures ranging from about 350.degree. C. to about 500.degree. C., pressures ranging from about 1 to about 60 atmospheres, a Liquid Hourly Space Velocity that ranges from 1 to about 5 hours.sup.-1, with the abovementioned catalyst containing from about 1% to about 8% by weight phosphorous.

Isomerization of cresols

Hydrocracking of lignin in the presence of a supported tungsten-nickel catalyst affords phenolic compounds in higher yield and with greater selectivity then previously obtainable. Mildly acidic supports, such as alumina, alumina-silica, aluminum phosphate, and silica-aluminum phosphate, have been found to be particularly effective. When the hydrocracking is done in the presence of water, a lower aliphatic alcohol, or a Lewis acid such as ferrous chloride, increased yields of both cresols and C.sub.6 -C.sub.8 and C.sub.6 -C.sub.9 phenolics are obtained.

Hydrocracking process for liquefaction of lignin

Dialkyldisulfinyl-, dialkyldisulfonyl- or alkylsulfinylalkylsulfonylalkanes in which the alkyl portion of the compound contains from 1 to about 10 carbon atoms and the alkane portion of the radical contains from about 3 to about 30 carbon atoms may be used as extraction solvents in liquid/liquid extraction processes whereby aromatic compounds may be separated from a mixture of aromatic compounds and other hydrocarbons.

Solvent extraction of aromatic compounds using alkylsulfoxide solvents

An improvement in a process for the isomerization of cresols may be obtained by effecting the isomerization reaction of a cresol in the presence of a crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite catalyst and added hydrogen. The added hydrogen will provide stability and longer life to the catalyst as well as a more stable selectivity to the desired isomers. The isomerization reaction is effected at temperatures ranging from about 250.degree. to about 450.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 2 to about 75 atmospheres in the presence of added hydrogen, said hydrogen being present in a mole ratio in the range of from about 1:1 to about 10:1 moles of hydrogen per mole of cresol.

A multi-step preparation of 4-vinylbenzeneacetic acid from the readily available 1,4-diethylbenzene is described. The method uses cobalt (II) catalyzed oxidation of 1,4-diethylbenzene to 4-ethylacetophenone followed by oxidative rearrangement of the latter to 4-ethylbenzeneacetic acid, selective photochlorination to produce 4-(1'-chloroethyl)benzeneacetic acid, and finally base-catalyzed dehydrochlorination of the latter to afford the title compound.

4-Vinylbenzeneacetic acid

Solvents which may be used as mediums for the polymerization of olefinic hydrocarbons to form polymers useful as membranes in a gas separation process require purification to remove any impurities which will effect the aforesaid polymerization. Purification of these solvents such as cyclohexane may be effected by treating the solvent with titanium tetrachloride, contacting the solution with an adsorbent such as silica gel and thereafter distilling the solvent in the presence of a purification agent such as an alkaline metal aluminum hydride or borohydride.

Purification of cyclohexane

Hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds may be alkylated by treatment with an alkylating agent such as an olefin or an alcohol at a temperature in the range of from about 50.degree. to about 200.degree. C. and a pressure in the range of from about atmospheric to about 100 atmospheres in the presence of a fluoro-substituted resin. The resulting product will comprise both mono- and di-alkylated hydroxy-substituted aromatic compounds.

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Des Plaines, IL, United States of America

Dusan J Engel