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Western University of Health Sciences

Douglas Wayne Ethell

The invention relates to methods, peptides, nucleic acids and cells for use in isolating and expanding human T cell populations in an antigen-specific manner for immunodiagnostic or therapeutic purposes. The invention also relates to professional antigen presenting cells derived from pluripotent human stem cells, and to customizable antigen presentation by the antigen presenting cells.

Standardized ex vivo platforms for the antigen-specific expansion of CD4+ T cell populations

Alzheimer's disease is a neurological disorder marked by progressive memory and cognitive impairments that eventually result in death. Currently, there are no effective therapies or cures that slow or halt the relentless progression of Alzheimer's disease. The invention teaches that the underlying mechanism responsible for the initiation of Alzheimer's disease is due to the insufficient flow of cerebrospinal fluid through apertures in the cribriform plate. The cribriform plate is a flat bony structure at the top of the nasal cavity directly below the olfactory bulbs. Naturally occurring apertures in the cribriform plate provide conduits for cranial nerve 1 fibers passing from the olfactory epithelium below, into the olfactory bulb above. Cerebrospinal fluid in the extracellular compartment above seeps through these apertures and into the nasal submucosa below, where it is removed by lymphatic vessels. This outflow allows cerebrospinal fluid to flow into the olfactory bulbs from continguous brain structures that include the basal forebrain and medial temporal lobe. Cerebrospinal fluid flow along this route removes metabolites and debris from those regions of the brain, including factors that accumulate in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. Obstructions of cribriform plate apertures reduce or stop this outflow of cerebrospinal fluid, resulting in the accumulation of plaques and tangles and other Alzheimer's disease related pathologies. The invention teaches that patients with Alzheimer's disease and other forms of dementia can be treated by inserting shunts that facilitate the outflow of cerebrospinal fluid from an area above the cribriform plate to other parts of the body including but not limited to other regions of the brain, the nasal submucosa, the peritoneal cavity, and the pleural cavity. It provides a method of treating any patient in need thereof for neurological or psychiatric disease. The invention teaches how shunts can be configured and implanted with two independent claims and five dependent claims.

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Riverside, CA, United States of America

Douglas Wayne Ethell