Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Aventis Research & Technologies Gmbh & Co Kg

Sony International (europe) Gmbh

Other

Smartrac I.p. B.v.

Nanogen Recognomics Gmbh

Donald Lupo

Josef Salbeck

Ude Scheunemann

Werner Prass

Thomas Stehlin

Hermann Schenk

Werner Hickel

Willi Kreuder

Uwe Falk

Akio Yasuda

Roland Stern

Ivan Cabrera

Helmut Ringsdorf

Werner Interthal

Klaus Mullen

Ullrich Scherf

Dieter Neher

Peter Boldt

Andre Laschewsky

Martin Blenkle

Georg Pawlowski

Norbert Windhab

Tzenka Miteva

Harald Cherdron

Juhani Virtanen

Peter Wilharm

Andreas Meisel

Rudolf Gompper

Hans-Ulrich Hoppe

Gabrielle Nelles

Gunther Appel

Jacqueline Bauer

Marcus Remmers

Michael Gr&auml;tzel

Udo Bach

Andreas Mayer

Harald Engel

Arno Wolf

Martin Kreyenschmidt

Joachim Huber

Ude Sheunemann

Martin Grell

Frank Weiss&ouml;rtel

An active-matrix electronic display including a switching circuit for each pixel to control the optical state of the display. The switching circuit includes at least one diode and at least one load impedance for each circuit. The front plane electrode of the display may be unpatterned over a significant portion of the display. The display architecture is especially useful for bi-stable display media that require active matrix addressing, for example electrophoretic displays, and for applications using diodes based on organic semiconductors and/or printed diodes.

Active-matrix electronic display comprising diode based matrix driving circuit

Spiro compounds and their use

Photodetector and the use of the same

The invention relates to novel layers comprising polyimide and organic functional material such as hole transport material, electron transport material and/or emitter material having a glass transition temperature of higher than 80&deg; C. The layers can be prepared by mixing the functional material with a polyimide precursor material, forming a thin film out of the mixture and converting said mixture into doped polyimide. Said doped polyimide layers can be used for the manufacture of electronic and optoelectronic devices such as e.g. light emitting devices. Due to the content of functional material, they can act as hole transport, electron transport or emitter layer. Moreover, the layers can be processed to have aligning properties for liquid crystals, thus allowing the manufacture of devices emitting polarized light. Furthermore, after conversion to doped polyimide, the layers are resistant to solvent treatment allowing the preparation of multi-layers by successive coating and conversion cycles.

Polyimide layer comprising functional material, device employing the same and method of manufacturing same device

Use of spiro compounds as materials in non-linear optics

The invention concerns active matrix light-emitting display devices and a method of their fabrication wherein the problem of chemically unstable cathode electrode layers is solved, simultaneously offering a considerably higher aperture ratio and brightness with rather low driving voltages. These advantages are achieved by separate manufacture of a first substrate bearing TFT elements of which the source and drain regions are at first covered by a non-conductive passivation layer followed by a deposition of a chemically stable cathode material layer and deposition of an appropriately selected EL material layer. The anode side substrate is independently prepared by at first depositing an anode layer followed by application of an EL layer, then the two independently manufactured layered substrates are alligned face-to-face and are combined to a unified structure under application of heat and pressure, the temperature being selected to have the glass transition temperature of said EL layers in case of polymeric EL material or to have the phase transition temperature for solid to liquid crystalline state or isotropic state in case of crystalline EL material.

Method of fabricating and structure of an active matrix light-emitting display device

A photovoltaic cell comprising an electrolyte which comprises a hole conductor compound as redox system.

Photovoltaic cell

Hetero-spiro compounds of the formula (I),

Hetero-spiro compounds and their use as electroluminescence materials

An electronic device comprising two adjacent regions of materials with different electric properties is characterized in that one of the regions is formed by a columnar structure of a discotic liquid crystal material, said structure having interspaces defined between columns of said discotic liquid crystal material, said interspaces being part of the other region and comprising a second material having electric properties different from that of said discotic liquid crystal. The invention also relates to a method for producing an electronic structure for such devices.

Electronic device comprising a columnar discotic phase

Spiro compounds and the use thereof

Electroluminescene device with emission of polarized light

A photovoltaic cell having a charge transport layer comprising a hole conductor material is disclosed and claimed. The photovoltaic cell comprising a light absorbing layer having a semiconductor material with a bassed gap of at least 3.0 Ev, the surface of the semiconductor having a roughness of &gt;20, optionally a sensitizer layer, a charge transport layer comprising one or more spiro compounds of the formula (I) as a hole conductor material ##STR1## where .PSI. is C, Si, Ge or Sn, and

A conjugated polymer comprising repeating units of the formula (I), ##STR1## where the symbols and indices have the following meanings: .PSI. is an element of the 4th main group of the Periodic Table with the exception of carbon;

Conjugated polymers containing heterospiro atoms and their use as

Use of spiro compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## where K.sup.1 and K.sup.2 are, independently of one another, conjugated systems, in electroluminescence devices. Preferred compounds of the formula (I) are 9,9'-spirobifluorene derivatives of the formula (II) ##STR2## where the benzo groups can be substituted independently of one another. Compounds of the formula (I) have a good solubility in customary organic solvents, improved film-forming properties and a significantly reduced tendency to crystallize. The production of electroluminescence devices is thereby made easier and their service life is increased.

Spiro compounds and their use as electroluminescence materials

Conjugated polymers containing hetero-spiro atoms and their use as

Growing community of inventors

Frankfurt-am-Main, Germany

Donald Lupo