E.i. Dupont De Nemours and Company

Other

Donald I Garnett

Joseph M Fremont

Marvin L Peterson

David Lincoln Thorn

Arthur W Sleight

Rashmikant M Contractor

Harold S Horowitz

Harry O Burrus

Nadine Henriette Caroline De Vries

A system and method for generating electrical energy from continental shelf mass involves moving continental shelf mass onto a conveyor at a first elevation at or near sea level. The mass is moved on the conveyor system to a second elevation well below sea level. Ideally, the second elevation is the bottom of a continental trench. The conveyor is then used to convey a liquid, preferably seawater, to a third elevation higher than the first elevation. The liquid is then passed into a reservoir and through a hydroelectric generator. The conveyor system may include a bucket chain enclosed in a pipeline.

Energy generation using continental shelf mass

The functionalization of compounds containing carbon-hydrogen bonds utilizing platinum compounds in Shilov-type reactions is improved by using hydrogen peroxide or selected Pt&lsqb;IV&rsqb; compounds as an oxidant.

Shilov-type reactions

An improved process for calcination and activation of a catalyst containing mixed oxides of vanadium and phosphorus (V/P/O) comprising the steps of calcining a hydrated V/P/O or V/P/O- SiO.sub.2 catalyst precursor at a temperature range of 375.degree. to 400.degree. C. for sufficient time to dehydrate said catalyst precursor while simultaneously and continuously controlling the oxygen level such as to maintain the Vox in the range of 3.825 to 4.175; and then activating the dehydrated catalyst precursor by further heating at a range of 340.degree. to 500.degree. C. in the presence of a gaseous atmosphere containing n-butane at a partial pressure not exceeding 0.20 atm while simultaneously and continuously controlling the oxygen level such as to maintain the Vox in the range of 3.95 to 4.15. Such a V/P/O catalyst is useful in the preparation of maleic anhydride from n-butane.

Process for the calcination/activation of V/P/O catalyst

Process comprising contacting and reacting a substituted or unsubstituted diolefin polyperoxide, for example, butadienepolyperoxide, with an acidic aqueous medium containing cuprous and cupric ions and a water-soluble agent which forms a water-soluble complex with cuprous ions, and recovering furan or a substituted furan from the reaction mixture.

Preparation of furan compounds

A process for preparing a furan compound by contacting a diolefin such as butadiene with a catalyst at a low pressure and a low temperature is provided. In this process, a diolefin, an oxygen-containing gas and water containing HCl are contacted with a catalyst which is a support having deposited thereon copper chloride, an alkali metal chloride and at least one of palladium chloride and iodide, usually cuprous iodide. Temperature of the reaction is usually in the range of about 80.degree.-125.degree. C. and the pressure is usually in the range of about 1-5 atmospheres. Cyclic operation between furan production and catalyst oxidation is also provided.

Copper chloride containing catalysts for the preparation of furan

A process for preparing a furan compound by the catalytic oxidation of a diolefin such as butadiene or a halo-substituted alkene is provided. In this process, the starting material is contacted with an aqueous medium having a pH less than about 2 containing (1) iodide ion, (2) a mixture of cuprous and cupric ions, and (3) a solubilizing agent for cuprous ion such as an alkali metal halide. Optionally, an oxygen-containing gas such as air can also be contacted with the aqueous medium. In one embodiment, the starting material is contacted with an aqueous solution of the aforesaid ingredients in one reaction zone to prepare furan and a portion of the solution is passed to a second reaction zone where cuprous ion is oxidized to cupric ion with air and then the air-treated solution returned to the first reaction zone.

A process for preparing a furan compound by contacting a diolefin such as butadiene with a catalyst at a low pressure and a low temperature is provided. In this process, a diolefin, an oxygen-containing gas and water containing HCl are contacted with a catalyst which is a support having deposited thereon copper chloride, and alkali metal chloride and at least one of palladium chloride and iodide, usually cuprous iodide. Temperature of the reaction is usually in the range of about 80.degree.-125.degree. C. and the pressure is usually in the range of about 1-5 atmospheres. Cyclic operation between furan production and catalyst oxidation is also provided.

Formaldehyde in crude BYD, can be reacted to a polymeric substance in the presence of NaOH or Na.sub.2 CO.sub.3 at high temperatures.

Reaction of formaldehyde in butynediol

A process for preparing a furan compound by the catalytic oxidation of a diolefin such as butadiene or a halo-substituted alkene is provided. In this process the starting material is contacted with an aqueous medium having a pH less than about 2 containing (1) iodide ion, (2) a mixture of cuprous and cupric ions, and (3) a solubilizing agent for cuprous ion such as an alkali metal halide. Optionally, an oxygen-containing gas such as air can also be contacted with the aqueous medium. In one embodiment, the starting material is contacted with an aqueous solution of the aforesaid ingredients in one reaction zone to prepare furan and a portion of the solution is passed to a second reaction zone where curpous ion is oxidized to cupric ion with air and then the air-treated solution returned to the first reaction zone.

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Hockessin, DE, United States of America

Donald I Garnett