Lorex Industries, Inc.

Don N Sirota

Raymond C Logue

Patrick S Lee

Gregory Edward Tompkins

A bubbler for use in vapor generation systems that minimizes splashing and the formation of aerosol droplets of liquid, which are carried out of the bubbler in the vapor stream and result in erratic mass transfer of the process chemical liquid. A closed stainless steel vessel contains a carrier gas distribution plenum that distributes the carrier gas to a plurality of small diameter generator tubes, which are submerged into the process chemical liquid. The length, inside diameter and number of the generator tubes are designed to inject a high velocity, small diameter stream of carrier gas into the liquid such that a long small diameter cylinder of carrier gas is created in the process chemical liquid. The surface tension of the liquid-gas interface causes the cylinder of gas to be pinched off at intervals along the length of the cylinder to produce a plurality of small bubbles the diameter of which is largely independent of the carrier gas flow rate. By preventing the formation of large diameter bubbles at high carrier gas flow rates splashing and the formation of aerosol droplets of liquid are effectively eliminated.

Bubbler for use in vapor generation systems

Apparatus (,) and methods for performing acoustical measurements are provided having some and preferably all of the following features: (A) the system (,) is operated under near-field conditions; (B) the piezoelement (,) or piezoelements (,) used in the system are (i) mechanically (,) and electrically (,) damped and (ii) efficiently electrically coupled to the signal processing components of the system; (C) each piezoelement (,) used in the system includes an acoustical transformer (,) for coupling the element to a gaseous test medium (,); (D) speed of sound is determined from the time difference between two detections of an acoustical pulse (,) at a receiver (,, FIG.,, FIG.,); (E) cross-correlation techniques are employed to detect the acoustical pulse at the receiver; (F) forward and inverse Fourier transforms employing fast Fourier transform techniques are used to implement the cross-correlation techniques; in such a mathematical manner that the peak of the cross-correlation function corresponds to the detection of a pulse at the receiver and (G) stray path signals through the body (,) of the acoustic sensor (,) are removed from detected signals prior to signal analysis. Techniques are also provided for performing acoustical measurements on gases whose thermodynamic properties have not been measured and on mixtures of compressible gases. Methods and apparatus (,) for performing feedback control of a gas of interest in a mixture of that gas and a carrier gas are provided in which the controlled variable is the flow of the carrier gas.

Apparatus and methods for performing acoustical measurements

Apparatus and methods for performing acoustical measurements are provided having some and preferably all of the following features: (1) the system is operated under near-field conditions; (2) the piezoelement or piezoelements used in the system are (a) mechanically and electrically damped and (b) efficiently electrically coupled to the signal processing components of the system; (3) each piezoelement used in the system includes an acoustical transformer for coupling the element to a gaseous test medium; (4) speed of sound is determined from the time difference between two detections of an acoustical pulse at a receiver; (5) cross-correlation techniques are employed to detect the acoustical pulse at the receiver; (6) fast Fourier transform techniques are used to implement the cross-correlation techniques; and (7) stray path signals through the body of the acoustic sensor are removed from detected signals prior to signal analysis. Techniques are also provided for performing acoustical measurements on gases whose thermodynamic properties have not been measures and on mixtures of compressible gases. Methods and apparatus for performing feedback control of a gas of interest in a mixture of that gas and a carrier gas are provided in which the controlled variable is the flow of the carrier gas.

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Poughkeepsie, NY, United States of America

Don N Sirota