Hooker Chemicals & Plastics Corporation

Allied Chemical Corporation

Occidental Chemical Corporation

Dirk Pouli

Divna Cipris

John Z Stachurski

Gerald F Pokrzyk

John A Ripa

Edward H Cook, Jr

Eric J Rudd

Donald E Stephens

Robert G Adams

Leo S Melnicki

Dana H Ridgley

A cathode for use in electrolytic processes and a process for preparing such cathodes is described. The cathode comprises a cathodically active surface layer, an intermediate binding layer, and a substrate. The intermediate binding layer comprises a codeposit of a first metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, and a second metal or metal oxide selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, indium, chromium, zinc, their oxides, and combinations thereof. The intermediate binding layer is applied to the substrate from an electroplating solution containing a soluble sulfur-containing compound, such as an alkali metal thiocyanate or thiourea. The surface layer is applied to the intermediate binding layer and comprises a codeposit of said first and second metals or metal oxides and a third metal selected from the group consisting of cadmium, mercury, lead, silver, thallium, bismuth, copper and mixtures thereof.

Binding layer for low overvoltage hydrogen cathodes

A cathode for use in electrolytic processes and a process for preparing such cathodes is described. The cathode has a cathodically active surface comprising a codeposit of a first metal selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel, and mixtures thereof, a leachable second metal or metal oxide preferably selected from the group consisting of molybdenum, manganese, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, indium, chromium, zinc, their oxides, and combinations thereof, and a third metal selected from the group consisting of cadmium, mercury, lead, silver, thallium, bismuth, copper and mixtures thereof. Such cathodes are prepared by initially forming a codeposit of the three metals or metal oxides, and subsequently removing at least a portion of the second metal or metal oxide from the codeposit. The second metal or metal oxide component can be conveniently removed by leaching, utilizing an alkaline solution. A substantially reduced hydrogen cathode overvoltage is obtained when the present cathodes are utilized in an electrolytic cell.

Method for preparing low voltage hydrogen cathodes

Low overvoltage hydrogen cathodes

An improved electrolytic cell for the electrolysis of alkali metal halide solutions to produce halides and alkali metal hydroxides is provided wherein current reductions are obtained by the passage of an oxidizing gas, such as oxygen, into a porous cathode to depolarize the cathode and eliminate the porduction of hydrogen. The cathode is provided with small diameter pores for diffusion of said oxidizing gas, and larger diameter pores or holes for liquid product flow through the cathode. The cathode, separator, and anode may be in direct contact with each other in a sandwich configuration, thus eliminating the need for a catholyte compartment and external H.sub.2 O feed lines.

Electrolytic cell having a depolarized cathode

A composite bipolar electrode structure is described. The structure includes an anode face comprised of a layer of a platinum group metal, metal oxide, or mixtures thereof, deposited on a layer of a valve metal, preferably titanium, a cathode face comprised of a cathode material, suitably a ferrous material, and an intermediate layer of conductive, porous material, such as graphite, positioned to be in electrical contact between the valve metal layer and the cathode material layer. The electrode is assembled by applying a thin layer of a polymeric material on the interfaces of the porous intermediate layers and pressing the components with sufficient pressure to force the polymeric material into the interstices of the intermediate layers.

Bipolar electrode with intermediate graphite layer and polymeric layers

A method for electrolytically producing a purified alkali metal hydroxide solution by electrolyzing an alkali halide solution in a membrane cell is described. The membrane cell includes at least one buffer compartment separating an anolyte and a catholyte compartment. The barrier separating the anolyte and the buffer compartment is a porous or permeable membrane. The membrane separating the catholyte compartment and the buffer compartment is a cation-active, hydrocarbon, preferably non-porous, membrane. A minor amount of a compound selected from the group consisting of alkali metal sulfites, bisulfites, sulfides, oxalates, or mixtures thereof, is added to the electrolyte, preferably with the brine feed, to protect the membranes from hypohalites formed in the cell. Amounts of protective compounds between about 0.01 and about 2.0 percent by weight of electrolyte are found to be aptly suited to use.

Method of electrolytically producing a purified alkali metal hydroxide

Metal electrodes having a conductive coating comprising one or more elements of the platinum group, in metallic or oxidized form, together with selenium in oxidized form have enhanced catalytic activity for oxygen evolution in both acidic and alkaline media.

Selenium-containing coating for valve metal electrodes and use

A process is described for the electrochemical reduction of organic disulfides in the presence of halide ion to form the corresponding thiols, which comprises using a stable solid cathode selected from the group consisting of the disulfides and diselenides of titanium, vanadium, molybdenum, tantalum, tungsten, niobium and zirconium, wherein the cathode does not undergo substantial disintegration during the reduction. The organic thiol products are useful as intermediates in the manufacture of organic pigments, as polymerization activators and as polymerization modifiers in the manufacture of rubber.

Electrochemical production of organic thiols

A process is described for preparing organic disulfides, useful as accelerators in vulcanization and as anti-oxidants for synthetic rubber latexes, which comprises reacting an organic sulfonyl halide with a mercaptan in a ratio of at least about 5 moles of mercaptan per mole of sulfonyl halide, wherein by-product sulfinic acid is not formed in the final product.

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Williamsville, NY, United States of America

Dirk Pouli