Columbia University

American Telephone and Telegraph, Co.

Dimitris Anastassiou

Vinay Varadan

Shree Kumar Nayar

Arun N Netravali

Alexandros Eleftheriadis

Kannan Ramchandran

Martin F Vetterli

Feng-Ming Wang

Feng Ming Wang

Daryl K Jensen

Belle L Tseng

Yanbin Yu

John Watkinson

Shif-Fu Chang

The present invention relates to the discovery that the modulation of particular microRNAs can be employed to inhibit a mesenchymal transition that, in certain instances, correlates with resistance to therapy and recurrence as the corresponding cells acquire properties of stem cells as they start undergoing this transition, as well as with invasiveness, e.g., invasion of certain cells of primary tumors into adjacent connective tissue during the initial phase of metastasis. Accordingly, the identification inhibitors of this mechanism, such as inhibitors of certain microRNAs, disclosed herein, can be used for inhibiting the mesenchymal transition to reduce the invasive nature of certain cells of primary cancerous tumors and, in certain instances, to prevent the recurrence of cancer by inhibiting the induction of stem cell-like features in certain cancer cells.

Biomarkers, methods, and compositions for inhibiting a multi-cancer mesenchymal transition mechanism

The disclosed subject matter provides techniques for multiple-factor selection. The factors can be features or elements that are jointly associated with one or more outcomes by their joint presence or absence. There may be a non-causative correlation between the factors, features, or elements and the outcomes. In some embodiments, Entropy Minimization and Boolean Parsimony (EMBP) is used to identify modules of genes jointly associated with disease from gene expression data, and a logic function is provided to connect the combined expression levels in each gene module with the presence of disease. The smallest module of genes whose joint expression levels can predict the presence of disease can be identified.

System and method for multiple-factor selection

A method is provided for selecting two or more genes from gene expression data. In the method, gene expression data for a plurality of genes is provided, where the gene expression data include expression levels for each of the plurality of genes. The gene expression data is discretized. Based on the discretized gene expression data, the synergy among the plurality of genes with respect to a phenotype, for example, presence or absence of a disease in a tissue, is evaluated. Two or more genes whose synergy exceeds a predetermined threshold are selected. A system implementing the method is also provided.

Method of selecting genes from gene expression data based on synergistic interactions among the genes

Systems and methods for selecting factors from a continuous data set of measurements are provided. The measurements include values of factors and/or outcomes. Two or more factors that are jointly associated with one or more outcomes from the data set are identified. Each of the two or more factors are analyzed to determine at least one cooperative interaction among the factors with respect to an outcome. The two or more factors can be a module of factors serving as a single factor participating in a cooperative interaction with another factor or module of factors.

Method of selecting genes from continuous gene expression data based on synergistic interactions among genes

Apparatus and methods for identifying one or more separate objects within depth information which corresponds to a fleid or a frame of video information are disclosed. In a preferred embodiment, an appratus includes an object map generation circuit for receiving depth information and for converting depth information into an object map to associate each pixel within the frame of video information with one of one or more regions of varying perceptual importance is disclosed. This preferred apparatus also includes a region masking circuit for masking the object map to generate one or more depth region masks indicative of pixels within the frame which substantially correspond to preselected regions of depth, and a video object selection circuit for identifying one or more separate objects within each of the one or more preselected regions indicated by each of the one or more region masks, such that each object associated with each depth region is identified as a separate object.

Methods and apparatus for performing digital image and video

For encoding signals corresponding to still images or video sequences, respective standards known as JPEG and MPEG have been proposed. These standards are based on digital cosine transform (DCT) compression. For economy of transmission, DCT coefficients may be 'thresholded' prior to transmission, by dropping the less significant DCT coefficients. While maintaining JPEG or MPEG compatibility, threshold selection for the DCT coefficients of an image or video frame is based on optimizing for minimum distortion for a specified maximum target coding bit rate or, equivalently, for minimized coding bit rate for a specified maximum allowable distortion constraint. In the selection process, a dynamic programming method is used.

JPEG/MPEG decoder-compatible optimized thresholding for image and video

The multi-viewpoint video encoder disclosed herein comprises a depth estimator, a predictor connected to the depth estimator, and a comparator connected to the predictor. In addition, the multi-viewpoint video encoder has an output, preferably including a multiplexer for multiplexing the first image, the depth map, the second viewpoint vector and the prediction errors into a signal. The multi-viewpoint video encoder also includes a depth map encoder/compressor. The depth map is compressed according to a video compression standard, preferably compatible with the MPEG-2 standard. The multi-viewpoint video encoder further includes a first image encoder. The first image is encoded according to a video coding standard, preferably compatible with the MPEG-2 standard. In this manner, an MPEG-2 monitor can display the first image video without any further modifications. Many of the elements described above are already found in MPEG-2 encoders. Accordingly, a multi-viewpoint video encoder only requires the addition of the depth estimator and the predictor mentioned above. A multi-viewpoint video decoder as well as methods to encode and decode multi-viewpoint video are also disclosed herein.

Multi-viewpoint digital video coder/decoder and method

In an Enhanced Definition Television (EDTV) system, an assistance signal is transmitted to enable a suitably equipped receiver to choose from a number of predetermined deinterlacing modes. The modes represent interpolation options for estimating lines missing in a current interlaced image field, thereby enhancing the vertical resolution of a display. For example, five options may be provided for as follows: (1) intra-frame linear interpolation, (2) use of information from a preceding frame, (3) use of information from a succeeding frame, (4) combining the results of (1) and (2), and (5) combining the results of (1) and (3). Preferably, interpolation options are derived on a block basis and transmitted with coded motion vectors which may be compressed to make maximum use of the available bandwidth. The assistance signal may be transmitted within the vertical and/or horizontal blanking intervals of an interlaced television broadcast.

Digitally assisted motion compensated deinterlacing for enhanced

In accordance with the invention, a method, for coding multi-mode predictive interpolative coded fields of video, includes the steps of:

Systems and methods for coding even fields of interlaced video sequences

Deinterlacing systems and methods useful with television and other interlaced data signals derive values for pixels on missing lines using best matching values for blocks of pixels through time-recursive comparison of current pixels block values with such values for prior frames of data and also with later frames. Noise propagation is attenuated by mixing of current interpolated pixel data and memory size efficiency is achieved by comparisons based on blocks of pixels, with the block size adjustable for data accuracy. Use of chrominance signal comparisons and reduced data rate coding techniques provide added capabilities to the deinterlacing systems and methods.

Time-recursive deinterlace processing for television-type signals

A 1-bit nonstandard A/D converter for converting a block u of N samples of a continuous time analog signal u(t) into N corresponding 1-bit binary values x, such that a distortion measure of the form d(u,x)=(Au-Bx).sup.T (Au-Bx) is minimized, is implemented with an N-input parallel sample-and-hold circuit and a neural network having N nonlinear amplifiers, where u and x are n-dimensional vectors, and A and B are N.times.N matrices. Minimization of the above distortion measure is equivalent to minimizing the quantity

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Tenafly, NJ, United States of America

Dimitris Anastassiou