Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Merck Patent Gesellschaft MIT Beschrankter Haftung

Dietmar Jungbauer

Javier Manero

Hubert Schlosser

Barbara Hornung

Tsuyoshi Uemura

Claus Escher

Shozo Fujiwara

Michael-Joachim Brekner

Gerhard Illian

Mikio Murakami

Norbert Rosch

Robert Walter Fuss

Kazuya Nagao

Hiroyuki Ohnishi

Franz Fenkl

Heinz-Joachim Rieger

Electrical addressing of ferroelectric liquid-crystal displays

Fluoroalkylethnyl- and difluoroalkylethynylbenzenes, and their use in

A substrate for liquid-crystal displays is formed from polymers of polycyclic olefins by polymerization, without ring opening, of at least one monomer of the formula (I), (II), (III), (IV), (V) or (VI). The novel use of cycloolefin copolymers as substrate material facilitates process temperatures of above 180.degree. C. in the production of displays. Cycloolefin copolymers are lighter and less brittle than glass. Compared with other plastics, they have advantages in photoelastic constants, thermal expansion, hardness, density, transparency, water absorption and with respect to birefringence. Furthermore, they have high resistance to polar solvents.

Cycloolefin copolymers (COCS) as substrate material for liquid-crystal

3,4,5-trifluorobenzenes, and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures

3-Chloropyridines, process for their preparation, and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures A 3-chloropyridine of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which the symbols have the following meaning: R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, independently of one another, are, for example, H or straight-chain or branched alkyl, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 are identical or different and are, for example, 1,4-phenylene, pyrazine-2,5-diyl or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene, M.sup.1, M.sup.2, M.sup.3 and M.sup.4 are identical or different and are, for example, --O-- or --CO--O--, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.6 and R.sup.7, independently of one another are, for example, H or straight-chain or branched alkyl, M.sup.5 is, for example, --O--CO-- or a single bond, k, l, m, n, o, p, q and r are zero or one, with the proviso that the sum k+m+p+r is less than 4 and greater than zero, can advantageously be employed as a component in ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixtures.

3-Chloropyridines, and their use in liquid-crystal mixtures

Aromatic compounds, and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures

The use of a compound of the formula I, in liquid crystal mixtures,

2-Aryloxytetrafluoropropionic esters, process for their preparation, and

A smectic liquid-crystal mixture containing rod-shaped molecules having only one side chain and certain phenylpyrimidine derivatives. The liquid-crystal mixtures according to the invention are distinguished by a low melting point and a high S.sub.C /S.sub.A phase-transition temperature. The use of bisesters of the formula I allows the number of phenylpyrimidine derivatives in the mixtures according to the invention to be significantly reduced. Ferroelectric mixtures according to the invention have, in particular, high contrast, good alignment, a large margin, low flicker and a large angle in the chevron geometry.

Smectic liquid-crystal mixture

Meta-substituted aromatic compounds having six-membered rings, for use in liquid-crystal mixtures Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X is CH, CF or N,

Meta-substituted aromatic compounds having six-membered rings, for use

A smectic liquid-crystal mixture comprising

Smectic liquid-crystal mixture A liquid-crystalline mixture comprises, inter alia

Modified polysugar as an alignment layer for liquid-crystal displays An alignment layer for liquid-crystal displays (LCDs) contains

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Weiterstadt, Germany

Dietmar Jungbauer