Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft

Dieter Ohlendorf

Claus Escher

Hans-Rolf Dubal

Rainer Wingen

Ingrid Muller

Wolfgang Hemmerling

Gerhard Illian

Mikio Murakami

Takamasa Harada

Manfred Hofinger

Werner Interthal

Yoshio Inoguchi

Dieter Gunther

Gerd Heppke

Gunter Scherowsky

Norbert Rosch

Detlef Wehle

Christian Bahr

Heinz Rieger

Jurgen Gay

Raimund Haas

Michael Feldhues

Detlef Lotzsch

Thomas Mecklenburg

Ulrich Pintschovius

Heinz Hoffmann

Karl Pampus

Armin De Meijere

Friedrich Stoll

Optically active 1,3-dioxolane derivatives which carry a mesogenic radical in the 4-position and have the general formula (I) ##STR1## are suitable for use as doping agents in liquid-crystal mixtures--in particular ferroelectric liquid-crystal mixtures. The symbols in the general formula have the following meanings:

Optically active 1,3-dioxolane derivatives carrying a mesogenic radical

Optically active, mesogenic 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylates are suitable as dopes in liquid-crystal mixtures. They result in liquid-crystalline ferroelectric phases having short switching times and in electroclinic phases having large electroclinic coefficients. Their particular advantage is that they induce a helix of very large pitch, meaning that helix compensation by further dopes is unnecessary. In addition, the 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylates exhibit high UV stability.

Use of optically active 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylates as dopes in

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal systems having high spontaneous polarization, in particular &gt;35 nC cm.sup.-2, and good orientation properties in the ferroelectric phase, in particular the S.sub.C * phase, contain at least three different optically active compounds, preferably as dopes in a base mixture which is not itself optically active and has a nematic phase above the smectic phase. The optically active compounds are selected so that they do not all induce a helix of the same rotation sense in the nematic phase. Their relative concentrations are selected so that the total resultant pitch of the helix throughout the cholesteric phase is not less than 10 .mu.m.

Ferroelectric liquid-crystal systems having three or more chiral

A process for producing a liquid-crystal cell by using a ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) composition containing at least one oleophilic substance that exhibits liquid crystallinity and at least one additive having lower boiling point than said substance, characterized in that said FLC composition is charged into the cell under high-temperature and high-vacuum conditions, provided that the two conditions will not overlap, or will overlap for a sufficiently short time to effectively prevent the evaporation of said additive.

Process for producing ferroelectric liquid-crystal cells with oleophilic

Disclosed and claimed are liquid-crystalline cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, process for their preparation, and their use in liquid-crystalline mixtures. The novel cyclopropylalkyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds are of the general formula ##STR1## In this formula A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 are unsubstituted or substituted, aromatic or heteroaromatic molecular components such as 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl which are linked via a single bond (in the case where k and m=0) or via functional groups M.sup.1 and M.sup.2, such as CO--O or CH.sub.2 --O; j, k, l, m and n are zero, 1 or 2. The radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H or alkyl/alkenyl, R.sup.1 is alkyl/alkenyl or one of the substitutents known from LC chemistry such as an .alpha.-haloalkanoic acid radical. At least one of the components A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 can be heteroaromatic, and G is alkylene or alkenylene.

Cyclopropylaklyl or -alkenyl or heterocyclic compounds, process for

The use of optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters as dopants in liquid-crystal mixtures, liquid-crystal mixtures containing same and novel optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters. Optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters containing a mesogenic molecular building unit are suitable as dopants in liquid-crystal mixtures. They result in liquid-crystalline ferroelectric phases having short switching times and in electroclinic phases having large electroclinic coefficients. A further advantage is that they induce a helix having a very small pitch so that they are also suitable for helix compensation in LC mixtures. The compounds are symbolized by the general formula: ##STR1## in which the symbols and indices essentially denote: R.sup.1 =alkyl/alkenyl or tetrahydrofurancarbonyloxy or -thio; j, l, n=zero, 1 or 2; k, m=zero or 1; --A.sup.1, --A.sup.2, --A.sup.3 =phenylene, cycloalkylene or corresponding heterocyclates containing nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur; --M.sup.1, --M.sup.2 =bridges such as --CO--O, --OCH.sub.2 or --CH.dbd.CH; X=oxygen or sulfur.

Use of optically active tetrahydrofuran-2-carboxylic acid esters as

Ferroelectric liquid-crystalline mixtures

Process for producing ferroelectric liquid-crystal cells

Flow accelerating with mixtures of organic ammonium salts composed of 20 to 80% of a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula ##STR1## 80 to 20% by weight of an amine salt of the formula ##STR2## where in both formulae R.sup.1 denotes C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkenyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -fluoroalkyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -fluoroalkenyl or a group of the formula ##STR3## R.sub.f --(CH.sub.2).sub.y B(CH.sub.2).sub.x --, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, preferably methyl, R.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and, for the case where R.sup.1 =alkyl or alkenyl, also a group of the formula --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.z H,

Mixtures of organic ammonium salts and their use as flow accelerators

Use of optically active carboxylic esters of oxygen-containing heterocycles as doping substances in liquid crystal mixtures and liquid crystal mixtures containing them. Optically active 1,3-dioxolane-4-carboxylic esters and oxirane-2-carboxylic esters of the general formula (I)

Optically active carboxylic esters of oxygen-containing heterocycles as

Ferroelectric liquid crystal with positive dielectric anisotropy,

The novel silylalkyl or silylalkenyl compounds correspond to the general formula (I) ##STR1## Here the symbols A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3 denote aromatic or heteroaromatic molecular units such as 1,4-phenylene or pyrimidine-2,5-diyl which are combined via a single bond (for k, m=0) or via functional groups M.sup.1,M.sup.2 such as CO--O or CH.sub.2 --O; j, k, l, m, n are zero or 1 (j+l+n=2 or 3). The radicals R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 are hydrogen or alkyl/alkenyl, cycloalkyl, and the radicals R.sup.6, R.sup.7, R.sup.8 have a comparable meaning (hydrogen); R.sup.1 is alkyl/alkenyl or one of the substituents known from LC chemistry such as an .alpha.-haloalkanoic radical. In some cases compounds have wide and polymorphous liquid crystalline phases.

Organosilylalkyl or organosilylalkenyl compounds, process for preparing

Optically active 1,3-dioxolane derivatives of the general formula (I) ##STR1## are suitable as doping substances in liquid crystal mixtures. The symbols in the general formula have the following meaning:

Optically active esters of 5-ethyl- and

Mixtures of organic ammonium salts composed of 20 to 80% of a quaternary ammonium salt of the formula ##STR1## and 80 to 20% by weight of an amine salt of the formula ##STR2## where in both formulae R.sup.1 denotes C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -alkenyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -fluoroalkyl, C.sub.12 -C.sub.26 -fluoroalkenyl or a group of the formula ##STR3## R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl, preferably methyl, R.sup.4 denotes C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and, for the case where R.sup.1 =alkyl or alkenyl, also a group of the formula --(C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O).sub.z H,

Mixtures of organic ammonium salts as flow accelerators

Liquid-crystalline mixtures, in particular ferroelectric

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Liederbach, Germany

Dieter Ohlendorf