Akzona Incorporated

Akzo America Inc.

Other

Akzo N.v.

Dieter Frank

Lincoln D Metcalfe

William J Parr

Paul Y Moy

John Y Park

Ronald E Hutton

Joachim Behnke

Michael Wallrabenstein

Arno Wegerhoff

Carole L Kent

Dale R Slaboszewski

Hee Cho

Cleve Madlock, Jr

David A Strawser

Anthony J Castro

Marija Del Rio

Catherine D Brady

Cathereine D Brady

A article of manufacture and composition for preventing a tear, hole or run in hosiery from expanding, wherein the composition comprises:

Article of manufacture and composition for maintaining the integrity of

A conductive metal-filled substrate is formed by intermingling copper or nickel particles into the substrate, contacting the metal particles with a specified developing agent, and heating the metal particles and the developing agent. The filled substrates are electrically conductive and are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding.

Conductive metal-filled substrates via developing agents

Conductive metal-filled composites via developing agents

A method and composition for preventing a tear, hole or run in hosiery from expanding, wherein the composition comprises:

Method for maintaining the integrity of hosiery

A conductive metal layer is formed on a substrate by depositing copper or nickel particles on the substrate, contacting the metal particles with a specified developing agent, and heating the metal particles and the developing agent. The coated substrates have conductive surfaces and are useful for a variety of uses such as EMI shielding and printed circuit boards.

Conductive metallization of substrates via developing agents

A method for making a porous structure including forming a plurality of particles into a desired shape, the particles being in a size range from about 40 to about 400 microns and including from about 5 to about 100 percent by weight of microporous particles of a synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material and from about 0 to about 95 percent by weight of nonporous synthetic thermoplastic polymeric material; and subjecting the particles to an effective pressure from about 200 to about 8000 pounds per square inch, while retaining the particles in the desired shape, for a sufficient length of time to produce an integral porous structure having substantial physical integrity.

Method for making porous structures

The invention is a process for the removal of impurities comprising phenolics, dextrans or amino nitrogen from an aqueous saccharide solution. The solution is contacted with a sorbent, which itself is also an embodiment of the invention, comprising a cationic nitrogenous surfactant, the molecules of which contain at least one alkyl group of at least 8 carbon atoms, deposited on the surface of a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support. The deposition is accomplished by contacting a solution of the surfactant in an appropriate solvent with the support. The impurities are adsorbed onto the sorbent and the aqueous saccharide solution is removed from contact wiht the sorbent. The solvent must be completely miscible with the saccharide solution and the solution of the surfactant in the solvent must have a maximum sorbent wetting rate of at least 100 g/m.sup.2 .multidot.min., and a sorbent bed retention of at least 140%, based on the bed interstitial volume. The partitioning coefficient of the impurities in the surfactant asnd solvent deposited on the support, as compared to in water, must be at least 20. The process is extremely effective in removing impurities from saccharide solution shaving very high concentrations of impurities, and at very high flow rates.

Decolorization of aqueous saccharide solutions and sorbents therefor

The invention is a process for the removal of impurities comprising phenolics, dextrans or amino nitrogen from an aqueous saccharide solution. The solution is contacted with a sorbent, which itself is also an embodiment of the invention, comprising a cationic nitrogenous surfactant, the molecules of which contain at least one alkyl group of at least 8 carbon atoms, deposited on the surface of a microporous hydrophobic polymeric support. The deposition is accomplished by contacting a solution of the surfactant in an appropriate solvent with the support. The impurities are adsorbed onto the sorbent and the aqueous saccharide solution is removed from contact with the sorbent. The solvent must be completely miscible with the saccharide solution and the solution of the surfactant in the solvent must have a maximum sorbent wetting rate of at least 100 g/m.sup.2.min., and a sorbent bed retention of at least 140%, based on the bed interstitial volume. The partitioning coefficient of the impurities in the surfactant and solvent deposited on the support, as compared to in water, must be at least 20.

A process for the hydrolysis of liquid fats comprising contacting the fats, in the presence of water at hydrolyzing conditions, with lipase immobilized by adsorption from aqueous solution without pretreatment or pretreatment with a polar solvent on a microporous structure comprising a synthetic hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic olefinic polymers, oxidation polymers, ionic polymers and blends thereof. Various embodiments of the invention include the immobilized lipase itself and an embodiment that employs a vertical packed column of particles of the immobilized lipase through which the liquid fat and water feed streams may be passed cocurrent or countercurrent, one that employs a horizontally disposed diaphragm that includes a layer of fibers of the immobilized lipase and an embodiment that employs a stirred reactor wherein a suspension of particles of the immobilized lipase is maintained in the reaction medium. The process of the invention has exhibited surprisingly high activity in the hydrolysis of fats and the immobilized lipase possesses significant longevity.

Hydrolysis of fats

N-substituted mono or bis-oxazolidines may be manufactured by reacting an alkylene oxide at alkoxylating conditions with a mono-imine of the general formula: ##STR1## or a bis-imine of the general formula: ##STR2## wherein R is a linear or branched alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, alkylenyl or aryllenyl group having 1-22 carbon atoms, and R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 may be the same or different, and are selected from the group including H--, methyl, ethyl, isobutyl, isoamyl, or phenyl. The oxazolidine may thereafter be cleaved with water, preferably slightly acidified, to produce the monoethoxylated amine.

Manufacture of oxazolidines by the alkoxylation of imines

A process for the hydrolysis of liquid fats comprising contacting the fats, in the presence of water at hydrolyzing conditions, with lipase immobilized by adsorption from aqueous solution without pretreatment or pretreatment with a polar solvent on a microporous structure comprising a synthetic hydrophobic thermoplastic polymer selected from the group consisting of aliphatic olefinic polymers, oxidation polymers, ionic polymers and blends thereof. Various embodiments of the invention include immobilized lipase itself and an embodiment that employs a vertical packed column of particles of the immobilized lipase through which the liquid fat and water feed streams may be passed cocurrent or countercurrent, one that employs a horizontally disposed diaphragm that includes a layer of fibers of the immobilized lipase and an embodiment that employs a stirred reactor wherein a suspension of particles of the immobilized lipase is maintained in the reaction medium. The process of the invention has exhibited surprisingly high activity in the hydrolysis of fats and the immobilized lipase possesses significant longevity.

A process for the removal of impurities comprising amides from a solution comprising nitriles and the impurities. A reaction mixture is formed which includes the solution, a layered mineral comprising aluminum silicates having exchangeable alkaline or alkaline earth cations on the surfaces of the layers and an acid which has an acid strength sufficient to protonate the amides at amide protonation conditions, but in which the solubility of the salt of the acid and exchangeable cation at those conditions is such that the equilibrium of the protonation reaction is substantially in the direction of the amides remaining in a protonated form. The water content of the reaction mixture must be less than about 0.5 wt. % for substantially all of the reaction time. The reaction mixture is maintained for a sufficient time at the amide protonation conditions for protonation of the amides and exchange of the protonated amides and exchangeable cations to occur, the protonated amides adhering to the surfaces of the layers. Nitriles having a reduced content of impurities may then be separated from the reaction mixture. Effective means of separation are rotating drum vacuum filters, preferably two in series.

Process for the separation of amides from nitriles

A protein is immobilized by a simple and effective method on a porous polymeric support by a first soaking in a dilute long-chain cationic solution and a second soaking in a dilute aqueous protein solution. The long chain cationic is preferably a nitrogen compound such as a diamine having at least one alkyl or alkenyl group containing at least eight carbon atoms. A preferred diamine is N-coco-1,3-diamino-propane. The protein may be an enzyme or hormone. A preferred enzyme is catalase or a two enzyme system of catalase and glucose oxidase.

Immobilization of proteins on polymeric supports

A method for inhibiting corrosion of a metal surface is disclosed. The method comprises contacting said metal surface with a corrosion inhibitor of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is selected from the group consisting of aliphatic radicals containing from about 6 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sub.1 --C.sub.m H.sub.2m --wherein R.sub.1 is alkoxy containing from 6 to 22 carbon atoms and m is an integer of from 2 to 6, and ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 is alkyl containing from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, x is an integer of from 1 to 10 and each R.sub.3 is independently hydrogen or methyl; and R' is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, and C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkoxy, at a temperature and for a period of time sufficient to inhibit corrosion of said metal surface. A method for pretreating a metal surface to improve the adhesion of paint thereto is disclosed.

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Naperville, IL, United States of America

Dieter Frank