U.S. Philips Corporation

Koninklijke Philips Corporation N.v.

U.S. Phillips Corporation

Detlev F Hennings

Herbert J Schreinemacher

Axel Schnell

Peter Hansen

Peter Josef Schmidt

Wen-Hsi Lee

Hans-Peter Stormberg

Rainer M Waser

Oliver Steigelmann

Henricus Hm Wagemans

Bernd F Hoffmann

Manfred Peterek

Baby Seriyati Schreinemacher

Johan W De Vries

Uwe Dibbern

Rolf P Janssen

Piet Reijnen

Markus Nutto

Peter Scharff

Christianus H Weijtens

The invention relates to a ceramic capacitor having at least two electrodes and a ceramic dielectric of a dielectric, ceramic preparation which is essentially composed of an oxide-ceramic dielectric substance and a sintering agent including zinc borate Zn B O .

Ceramic capacitor with czt dielectric

A capacitor having a ceramic dielectric and at least two electrodes, in which the dielectric is essentially a dielectric ceramic composition of a barium-calcium-manganese-zirconium-titanate having the general formula (Ba Ca ) O with 0<a&lE;0.25, 0<b&lE;0.015, 0.001&lE;c&lE;0.01, 0.005&lE;d&lE;0.02, 0<x&lE;0.20, 1.001&lE;y&lE;1.014, 0.0005&lE;z&lE;0.03 and is characterized by a high capacitance, small dimensions and a long lifetime.

Capacitor comprising a BCZT dielectric

A gas discharge lamp has electrodes of Ba(Ti Zr )O with donor/acceptor dopants. Specific donor/acceptor combinations, an optimized content of zirconium and an optimized atomic ratio between the cations leads to ferroelectric ceramic exhibiting high values of the remnant polarization P and the dielectric constant &ggr; , as well as rectangular hysteresis loop and low coercive field strengths E . When an alternating voltage is applied to the ferroelectric electrodes, the non-linear properties of the electrodes bring about the ignition of the lamp as well as the continuous operation thereof.

Gas discharge lamp having ferroelectric ceramic electrodes

The invention relates to a ceramic multilayer capacitor having a number of ceramic layers on the basis of a doped (Ba,Ca)[Ti,Zr]O.sub.3 as well as a number of electrode layers of Ni, the ceramic layers and the electrode layers being alternately stacked to form a multilayer structure which is provided with electric connections at two side faces, said electric connections being connected to a number of the electrode layers. The invention is characterized in that the composition of the main component of the doped (Ba,Ca)[Ti,Zr]O.sub.3 corresponds to the formula

Ceramic multilayer capacitor

A capacitor comprising a ceramic dielectric material and at least two electrodes, said dielectric material essentially consisting of a dielectric composition with a doped barium-calcium-zirconium-titanate, said doped barium-calcium-zirconium-titanate having the composition

Multilayer capacitor comprising tungsten-containing BaTiO.sub.3

A ceramic multilayer capacitor includes a number of ceramic layers on the basis of a doped BaTiO.sub.3 and a number of electrode layers of Ni. The ceramic layers and the electrode layers are alternately stacked to form a multilayer structure which is provided with electric connections at both side faces. The composition of the main component of the doped BaTiO.sub.3 corresponds to the formula (Ba.sub.1-a-b Ca.sub.a Sr.sub.b) (Ti.sub.1-c-d-e-f Zr.sub.c Al.sub.d Mn.sub.e Nb.sub.f).sub.k O.sub.3+.delta. wherein:

Components whose palladium metal-containing constituent is not subject to delamination and which exhibit very good dielectric properties are obtained by means of a method of manufacturing a ceramic electronic component. The ceramic electronic component is essentially composed of a dielectric oxide ceramic and at least one palladium-containing component, and is obtained by firing and sintering of a green body containing an organic binder with the firing process including a first step in which the binder is removed from the binder-containing green body by means of a water-gas reaction in a water vapor-containing, essentially oxygen-free, atmosphere at temperatures between 20.degree. and 880 .degree. C., and a second step in which the dielectric oxide ceramic is re-oxidized in an atmosphere having an oxygen content of 10 to 100% by volume at a temperature in the range from 880 .degree. C. to 900 .degree. C.

Method of firing and sintering a ceramic electronic component

The invention provides a novel type of piezoelectric element. This element comprises a number of piezoelectric layers of a ceramic material and a number of electrode layers of a silver-palladium alloy. The piezoelectric layers and the electrode layers are stacked alternately to form a multilayer. This multilayer is also provided with at least two external electrical connections which are in contact with a number of said electrode layers. In accordance with the invention, the composition of the main component of the ceramic material corresponds to the formula:

Piezoelectric element

A low-pressure discharge lamp according to the invention is provided with a radiation-transmitting discharge vessel which encloses a discharge space containing an ionizable filling in a gastight manner, and electrodes arranged in the discharge space between which a discharge path extends. At least one of the electrodes is a sintered mixture of metal and ceramic material, the proportional quantity of metal in the mixture being small compared with the proportional quantity of ceramic material. The sintered mixture includes smaller ceramic particles with a modal diameter D1 and larger ceramic particles with a modal diameter D2, the ratio D2/D1 being at least 3, while the proportional volume of the smaller ceramic particles is small compared with that of the larger ceramic particles. In the lamp according to the invention, the electrodes have a comparatively high resistance to temperature variations in spite of the small proportional volume of metal particles.

Low-pressure discharge lamp having metal and ceramic electrodes

Fine, monodisperse oxide powders can be manufactured by means of a method which does not require expensive production facilities, in which method

Method of manufacturing a fine monodisperse oxide powder, a fine

A method of manufacturing barium titanate (BaTiO.sub.3) (BaTiO(C.sub.2 O.sub.4).sub.2. 4H.sub.2 O), is by pyrolysis of barium titanyl oxalate, an provided in which aqueous solution of barium chloride (BaCl.sub.2) is added dropwise while stirring vigorously to an aqueous solution comprising a mixture of oxalic acid (H.sub.2 C.sub.2 O.sub.4) and titanium oxychloride (TiOCl.sub.2) having a temperature in the range from 20.degree. to 60.degree. C. to form barium titanyl oxalate, the resultant precipitate being calcined at a temperature in the range from 960.degree. to 1200.degree. C.

Method of manufacturing barium titanate BaTiO.sub.3

Non-linear voltage-dependent resistor having a ceramic sintered body based on zinc oxide as a resistance material which is doped with at least one alkaline earth metal, rare earth metal and metal of the iron group present as an oxide and is doped with at least one of the metals from the group aluminum, gallium and/or indium and having electrodes provided on oppositely located major surfaces of the sintered body, in which the sintered body is constructed from several layers having at least a layer structure of one layer of resistance material on a carrier layer based on zinc oxide which has a higher electric conductivity as compared with the resistance material, as well as a method of manufacturing same.

Non-linear voltage-dependent resistor

An electrochemical time switching device comprising a hollow body (1). The hollow body (1) is filled with a liquid electrolyte (12), in which a disintegrable anode (11) and a cathode (8) are arranged, between which a charge flows through the electrolyte (12) when a voltage is applied between the anode connection (6) and the cathode connection (7). An elastic sleeve (9) is arranged in the hollow body (1) between the anode connection (6) and the anode (11) and this sleeve encloses an electrical lead-in wire (10) interconnecting the anode connection (6) and the anode (11). The cross-section of the lead-in wire (10) is smaller than the cross-section of the anode (11) and its length is smaller than the length of the relieved sleeve (9).

Electrochemical time switching device

A voltage-dependent resistor having a low operational field strength with a ceramic sintered body on the basis of a polycrystalline alkaline earth metal titanate doped with a small quantity of a metal oxide so as to produce an N-type conductivity, in which the sintered body comprises at its grain boundaries insulating layers formed by in-diffusion of at least a metal oxide or at least a metal oxide compound and comprises of an alkaline earth metal titanate having Perowskite structure of the general formula:

Method of manufacturing voltage-dependent resistor

A non-linear resistor having an operational field strength which optionally is formed as a VDR- or as an NTC-resistor having a ceramic sintered body on the basis of a polycrystalline alkaline earth metal titanate doped with a small quantity of a metal oxide so as to produce an N-type conductivity, in which the sintered body comprises at its grain boundaries insulating layers formed by re-oxidation of the sintered body and consists of an alkaline earth metal titanate having a Perowskite structure of the general formula

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Aachen, Germany

Detlev F Hennings