Ppg Industries, Inc.

Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc.

Dennis S Postupack

David A Allerton

Richard L Emmert

John F Sopko

Harry Makitka

Thomas C Bour

Curtis L Hanvey, Jr

James W Koewing

Joe B Lovelace

Jean P Pressau

Robert A Roach

E Charles Watkins

Stanley C DeGreve

Gerard J Burger

John W Cotton

James V Shivers

Timothy Smith

Timothy G Mathis

An insulating flow block having a plurality of bores extending therethrough to permit the flow of molten fiberizable material through the block, a bushing assembly having a bushing block with one or more bores extending through a peripheral region thereof to divert a portion of a supply of molten fiberizable material from a central region of the bushing block to the peripheral region of the bushing block, and a bushing positioned in general registry with the bore of the peripheral region of the bushing block to facilitate the flow of molten fiberizable material to a peripheral region of the bushing is disclosed.

Insulating flow and bushing blocks, bushing assemblies, fiber forming

The process and apparatus of the present invention enable the production of glass fiber product from scrap glass fibers. The process includes: feeding the scrap glass fibers having an average length up to around 12 inches to a glass melting tank having a pool of molten fiberizable glass, melting the scrap glass fibers without the presence of non-vitrified glass forming materials in an oxidizing environment, conditioning the melt to a formable viscosity, and forming the glass fiber from the conditioned melt where for a given glass fiber product there is a near constant pull of the melted glass from the melter. The rate of feeding of the scrap glass to the melter is sufficient to maintain the pool of melted glass with a level within the range of .+-.0.35 inch (9 mm.) over a period of eight hours. The scrap glass fibers have a similar fiberizable inorganic composition to that of the desired glass fiber product and generally include fibers with organic-containing sizes and/or coatings. The apparatus of the present invention has a refractory-lined glass melter, engaged for supply of scrap glass fibers to a positive supply means, a conditioning means to receive formable melted glass, and one or more bushings to form the glass fiber product. The glass melter has a high length to width ratio with a finite-sided melting containment area which holds a pool of molten glass that receives the scrap glass from the feeder without any non-vitrified glass forming material. The feeder supplies the scrap glass at a rate sufficient to maintain the pool of melted glass with a level within the range of .+-.0.35 inch (9 mm.) over a period of eight hours.

Production of glass fibers from scrap glass fibers

A method for electroforming a metal grid capable of conforming to a curved substrate is disclosed, as well as use of such a grid in an aircraft transparency.

Electroformed patterns for curved shapes

A method for producing an electroforming mandrel is disclosed wherein a continuous conductive film is deposited onto a substrate, and a photoresist is deposited over the conductive film, exposed and developed to form a pattern on the conductive film whereupon a metal element is electroformed.

Electroforming elements

A method for repairing defects in the form of discontinuities in a photomask pattern in or on a glass substrate by means of electroless deposition of a nickel-containing coating on the surface of a glass substrate is disclosed.

Method for repairing silver image glass photomasks with Ni

Method for repairing glass photomasks

This invention relates to making continuous ribbons of clear, flexible interlayer material into a maximum number of interlayers having a coating of graded intensity along a longitudinal edge portion thereof for use in curved laminated safety glass windshields. The method avoids rubbing or differentially stretching the flexible interlayer material during processing, which includes cutting a continuous ribbon of clear, flexible interlayer material into successive interfitting flexible sheets of trapezoidal shape, applying a shade band, preferably by electrostatic spraying, to a predetermined portion of each sheet and laminating the sheet so treated to one or more rigid transparent sheets of glass or a recognized plastic substitute for glass. When the flexible sheets so treated are laminated to one or more relatively rigid transparent bent sheets of glass or rigid transparent plastic, the resulting laminates are safer than those produced by the prior art method that requires differentially stretching the partially shaded interlayer and have better optical properties than prior art shaded laminates comprising interlayers produced by previous prior art techniques that incorporated rubbing the sheet while applying a coating.

Method of treating interlayer material

This invention relates to a method of and apparatus for forming a colored shade band on an elongated area of a flexible sheet of interlayer material comprising applying a dye composition by electrostatic spraying against an elongated area of a surface of a flexible sheet of non-conductive interlayer material such as polyurethane or plasticized polyvinyl butyral. A flexible sheet to be coated is mounted on a support carriage at a loading and unloading chamber in a substantially horizontal support plane, is transferred to a coating chamber, is tilted into an oblique plane at said coating chamber where it is aligned with a platen mask, electrostatic spray means disposed to one side of said platen mask supplies an electrostatic spray of a dye composition through said platen mask to the elongated area of said flexible sheet. The coated sheet pivots back to a substantially horizontal support plane and is returned to the loading and unloading station, where the coated flexible sheet is removed and another sheet mounted for treatment. The flexible sheet so coated is useful as an interlayer in shaded, bent laminated safety glass windshields.

Method for supporting flexible sheet while applying graded shade band

A method is disclosed for improving the uniformity and durability of a pyrolytically deposited metal oxide film on glass by cooling the coating solution and/or the atomizing air prior to the application of the coating composition to the hot glass surface.

Method for improving the alkali durability of metal oxide films formed

Forming a colored shade band on an elongated area of a flexible sheet of interlayer material comprising applying a dye composition by electrostatic spraying against a portion of a surface of a flexible sheet of non-conductive interlayer material such as polyurethane or plasticized polyvinyl butyral. A novel grounded shielding structure of electroconductive material comprises a primary shield located in close proximity to the upper surface of a workpiece to be partially coated. A preferred embodiment comprises primary and secondary shields with an optional manifold between the shields to ensure superior control of a pattern of graded intensity along the transverse dimension of an elongated area to be coated. One or both shields may be heated to avoid the deposit of spray particles that cause optical defects. The workpiece so coated is useful as an interlayer in shaded, bent laminated safety glass windshields.

Apparatus for forming graded shade band on substrate

Apparatus for supporting flexible sheet while applying graded shade band

This invention relates to making continuous ribbons of clear, flexible interlayer material into a maximum number of interlayers having a coating of graded intensity along a longitudinal edge portion thereof for use in curved laminated safety glass windshields. The method avoids rubbing or differentially stretching the flexible interlayer material during processing, which includes cutting a continuous ribbon of clear, flexible interlayer material into successive interfitting flexible sheets of trapezoidal shape, applying a shade band, preferably by electrostatic spraying, to a predetermined portion of each sheet and laminating the sheet so treated to one or more rigid transparent sheets of glass or a recognized plastic substitute for glass. When the flexible sheets so treated are laminated to one or more relatively rigid transparent bent sheets of glass or rigid transparent plastic, the resulting laminates are safer than those produced by the prior art method that requires differentially stretching the partially shaded interlayer and have better optical properties than prior art shaded laminates comprising interlayers produced by pervious prior art techniques that incorporated rubbing the sheet while applying a coating.

Method of treating interlayer material and laminated windows comprising

Method for forming graded shade band on substrate

An electrostatic spray process for the formation of a shade band on a polymeric innerlayer for laminated safety glass is disclosed. The improvement comprises using a solvent system of N-lower alkyl-pyrrolidone and tetrahydrofuran. This solvent system combines high dye solubility for process efficiency with proper volatility for optimum aesthetic quality in the finished product.

Solvent system for electrostatic shade band deposition process

A method of forming a colored shade band having a relatively wide portion of essentially uniform intensity and a relatively narrow boundary portion of graded intensity by spraying a dye composition along a longitudinally extending edge portion of a non-electroconductive substrate such as a glass sheet or a sheet of plastic. In one embodiment of this invention, the substrate is sprayed to form the graded band and then laminated to a layer of plastic interlayer material to produce a laminated window having a shade band having a desired transverse pattern of graded intensity along a longitudinally extending edge portion thereof. After the dye composition is applied to a sheet of rigid transparent material to form the band, the coated sheet is assembled with the band facing a layer of interlayer material to form a sandwich to be laminated, the band is transferred from the sheet to the layer during lamination and forms a continuous looking band free of any disturbing features such as mottled appearance and having a boundary along a smooth line and a pattern of intensity similar to that of the colored shade band initially developed. In another aspect of this invention, the graded band is applied electrostatically to either the interlayer sheet or to the rigid transparent layer under special conditions that results in a gradation of the coating.

Growing community of inventors

Natrona Heights, PA, United States of America

Dennis S Postupack