Eastman-kodak Company

Global Oled Technology LLC

Other

Dennis R Freeman

Jeremy M Grace

Neil P Redden

Michael Edgar Long

Christine Joanne Landry-Coltrain

David A Glocker

Bradley K Coltrain

Bruce E Koppe

Mark Lelental

Kurt DeLance Sieber

Louis J Gerenser

Michael J Heinsler

Randolph Brost

Ronald S Cok

Michael Alan Marcus

Michael L Boroson

John P Spoonhower

Steven A Van Slyke

Robert G Spahn

David R Strip

Mark M Romach

Richard C Soper

Justin H Klug

Robert F Zwaap

Hengzhong K Zhuang

Thomas E Phillips

Warren Kosel

A method for evaporating a plurality of purified organic materials in a thermal physical vapor deposition system, comprising the steps of: mixing predetermined amounts of first and second organic materials to form a mixture of materials at a predetermined ratio; processing at least one of the organic materials at less than the sublimation temperature of the at least one of the organic materials before or after mixing to remove a first contaminant, wherein if processing is after mixing, the processing temperature is lower than the sublimation temperature of each of the organic materials; providing a thermal physical vapor deposition source; transferring the purified mixture of organic materials into the thermal physical vapor deposition source while maintaining the purified mixture of organic materials in a controlled, contaminant-free environment; and using the source to evaporate the purified mixture of organic materials.

Purifying organic materials for physical vapor deposition

A method for vaporizing organic materials onto a substrate surface to form a film including providing a quantity of organic material into a vaporization apparatus and actively maintaining the organic material in a first heating region in the vaporization apparatus to be below the vaporization temperature. The method also includes heating a second heating region of the vaporization apparatus above the vaporization temperature of the organic material and metering, at a controlled rate, organic material from the first heating region into the second heating region so that a thin cross section of the organic material is heated at a desired rate-dependent vaporization temperature, whereby organic material vaporizes and forms a film on the substrate surface.

Device and method for vaporizing temperature sensitive materials

A vapor deposition source for use in vacuum chamber for coating an organic layer on a substrate of an OLED device, includes a manifold including side and bottom walls defining a chamber for receiving organic material, and an aperture plate disposed between the side walls, the aperture plate having a plurality of spaced apart apertures for emitting vaporized organic material; the aperture plate including conductive material which in response to an electrical current produces heat; means for heating the organic material to a temperature which causes its vaporization, and heating the side walls of the manifold; and an electrical insulator coupling the aperture plate to the side walls for concentrating heat in the unsupported region of the aperture plate adjacent to the apertures, whereby the distance between the aperture plate and the substrate can be reduced to provide high coating thickness uniformity on the substrate. A method for coating an organic layer on onto a substrate in a vacuum chamber includes providing a manifold including side and bottom walls defining a chamber for receiving organic material. and an aperture plate disposed between the side walls, the aperture elate having a plurality of spaced apart apertures for emitting vaporized organic material; heating the organic material to a temperature which causes its vaporization, and the side walls of the manifold, the aperture plate includes a first aperture plate emissive surface that radiates energy into the chamber and a second aperture plate emissive surface that radiates less energy to the substrate wherein the second aperture elate emissive surface has an emissivity lower than the first aperture plate emissive surface; and concentrating heat in an unsupported region of the aperture plate adjacent to the apertures by providing an electrical insulator coupling the aperture plate to the side walls.

Method for coating an organic layer onto a substrate in a vacuum chamber

A method for vaporizing organic materials onto a surface, to form a film includes providing a quantity of organic material in a fluidized powdered form; metering the powdered organic material and directing a stream of such fluidized powder onto a first member; heating the first member so that as the stream of fluidized powder is vaporized; collecting the vaporized organic material in a manifold; and providing a second member formed with at least one aperture in communication with the manifold that permits the vaporized organic material to be directed onto the surface to form a film.

Vaporizing fluidized organic materials

A vapor deposition source for depositing organic material includes a boat having a cavity for holding organic material and an aperture plate, having a plurality of spaced apertures, for enclosing the boat. The vapor deposition source also includes a heating element provided in the cavity between the aperture plate and the organic material, and a baffle member in contact with the heating element and having at least three surfaces which absorb energy from the heating element, the first surface redirecting energy to the aperture plate and the second and third surfaces redirecting energy to the boat walls and the organic material.

Vaporization source with baffle

A thermal physical vapor deposition source for depositing material onto a substrate includes an elongated container for receiving the material, the container having a conductance Cin the elongated direction, and a heater for heating the material in the container to vaporize the material to a partial pressure P. The container has at least one member defining a plurality of apertures arranged along the length of the member, the apertures having a total conductance C, whereinand end heaters for heating each side of the container to reduce condensation of material onto the container.

Thermal physical vapor deposition source with minimized internal condensation effects

An apparatus for treating paper web materials with a plasma, said apparatus comprising a dark space generated by a treatment electrode in a treatment zone. There is a counter electrode having a surface area in said treatment zone which is not greater than a surface area of said counter electrode. A power supply is included for driving either said treatment electrode or said counter electrode with an oscillating high voltage at a frequency less than about 2 MHz and greater than 1/t where t is the charging time of a web surface exposed to a rms ion current in the plasma.

High-efficiency plasma treatment of paper

A method and apparatus are taught for treating paper webs for obtaining the proper surface characteristics to promote adhesion of nonphotosensitive coating materials and/or layers typically coated thereon. The web is passed through a high-voltage sheath region or dark space of the plasma generated by a powered electrode residing in a discharge zone. The frequency of the driving voltage must be above a lower bound dictated by the properties of the paper support and the plasma, and it must be below an upper bound beyond which the sheath voltages drop significantly and it is observed that the benefits of this approach diminish. The dark space is generated by a treatment electrode in a treatment zone. There is a counter electrode having a surface area in said treatment zone which is at least as great as the surface area of the treatment electrode. A power supply is included for driving the treatment electrode with an oscillating high voltage at a frequency less than about 2 MHz and greater than 1/t where t is the charging time of a web surface exposed to a rms ion current in the plasma.

Apparatus for monitoring and controlling formation of organic layers by physical vapor deposition of organic materials in making organic light-emitting devices is disclosed.

Controlling the thickness of an organic layer in an organic light-emiting device

A vacuum lubricant deposition station coats a lubricant onto the back side of a moving web prior to coating the front side with emulsions. The deposition station has a sidewall creating a chamber containing a heat source along its bottom and an evaporating tray above the heater which holds the lubricant to be vacuum vapor deposited on the web. A water cooled jacket fits about the top of the sidewall and receives the film through a narrow slot between its top and bottom plates to expose the back side of the film to a vapor cloud of lubricant in the chamber. Lubricant from the cloud deposits on the back side of the web. Stray lubricant from the cloud condenses on the bottom plate which receives cooling water through an inlet. The cooling water traverses the length of the bottom plate, enters the top plate through a water loop connecting the top and bottom plates, and exits through the top plate. The vapor cloud condenses on the bottom plate before reaching the front side of the film.

Apparatus and method for vapor depositing lubricant coating on a web

A method and apparatus are taught for treating polyolefin containing or polyolefin-coated webs or laminates for obtaining the proper surface characteristics to promote adhesion of photosensitive coating materials and/or layers typically coated thereon. The web is passed through a high-voltage sheath region or dark space of the plasma generated by a powered electrode residing in a discharge zone. The frequency of the driving voltage must be above a lower bound dictated by the properties of the paper support and the plasma, and it must be below an upper bound beyond which the sheath voltages drop significantly and it is observed that the benefits of this approach diminish. The dark space is generated by a treatment electrode in a treatment zone. There is a counter electrode having a surface area in said treatment zone which is at least as great as the surface area of the treatment electrode. A power supply is included for driving the treatment electrode with an oscillating high voltage at a frequency less than about 2 MHz and greater than 1/t where t is the charging time of a web surface exposed to a rms ion current in the plasma.

High-efficiency plasma treatment of polyolefins

The present invention is a method of depositing a lubricating layer on an imaging element. The method includes providing a polymer or a wax selected from the group consisting of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP), fluorinated ethylene copolymers, polyethylenes, high density polyethylene, natural waxes such as Carnauba wax, synthetic waxes, and silicone waxes in a deposition chamber. The chamber is evacuated to a pressure of 10 Torr or less. A carrier gas, preferably selected from N , O , Ar, is bled into the chamber while maintaining the pressure in the chamber to 100 mTorr or less. The polymer or wax is heated to a temperature sufficient to vaporize the polymer or wax, and the imaging element is continuously moved through the chamber depositing the polymer or wax on the imaging element to form the lubricating layer.

Evaporated lubricants for imaging element

An photographic element comprising: a support with two sides; at least one sensitized layer on one side of the support; at least one transparent magnetic layer on another side of the support, opposite the sensitized layer; and a lubricant layer deposited on the transparent magnetic layer,wherein the lubricant layer is a fluorinated polymer selected from the group consisting of fluoropolymer resins, polytetrafluoroethylene, fluorinated ethylene polymer, fluorinated ethylene propylene, perfluoroalkoxy copolymer resins, and amorphous fluoropolymers.

Photographic element with fluoropolymer lubricants

Imaging elements, such as photographic, electrostatographic and thermal imaging elements, are comprised of a support, an image-forming layer and an electrically-conductive layer produced by coating a layer comprised of a metallo-organic compound and a film-forming binder and subjecting such layer to glow discharge treatment to render it electrically conductive. Use of a metallo-organic compound in combination with a glow discharge treatment provides a controlled degree of electrical conductivity and beneficial chemical, physical and optical properties which adapt the electrically-conductive layer for such purposes as providing protection against static or serving as an electrode which takes part in an image-forming process.

Growing community of inventors

Spencerport, NY, United States of America

Dennis R Freeman