Monsanto Company

Pharmacia Corporation

Monsanto Technology LLC

Washington University

Denis Forster

Arnold Hershman

Samuel J Tremont

George F Schaefer

Dennis Patrick Riley

Donald E Morris

Susan L Henke

Martin P McGrath

Erik D Sall

George E Barker

Richard L Ornberg

Kishore Udipi

Gary S Jacob

David R Eaton

James M Warner

Yinong Ma

Walter K Gavlick

Ricky L Fenton

Kerry Brethauer

Kerry Brethaur

Kenneth B Thurmond

Saikat Joardar

Bruce Thurmond

Gary Klopf

Martin P Mcgrath

The present invention relates to biomaterials modified with non-proteinaceous catalysts for the dismutation of superoxide, and processes for making such materials. This modification may be by covalent conjugation, copolymerization, or admixture of the non-proteinaceous catalysts with the biomaterial. The resulting modified biomaterials exhibit a marked decrease in inflammatory response and subsequent degradation when placed in contact with vertebrate biological systems.

Biomaterials modified with superoxide dismutase mimics

This invention provides modified biopolymers comprising biopolymers attached to at least one non-proteinaceous catalyst capable of dismutating superoxide in the biological system or precursor ligand thereof. The invention further provides pharmaceutical compositions comprising the modified biopolymer and therapeutic methods comprising administering the modified biopolymer to a subject in need thereof.

Biopolymers modified with superoxide dismutase mimics

The present invention is directed to an analytical method for measuring the concentration of an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid (&ldquo;NPMIDA&rdquo;) substrate, an N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product, formaldehyde, formic acid, N-methyl-N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine (&ldquo;NMG&rdquo;), N-methyl-aminomethylphosphonic acid (MAMPA) or aminomethylphosphonic acid (&ldquo;AMPA&rdquo;)) in an aqueous mixture thereof, using infrared spectroscopy. The present invention is also directed to a process for oxidizing an N-(phosphonomethyl)iminodiacetic acid substrate to form a N-(phosphonomethyl)glycine product, and as part of the process, measuring the concentration of at least one reactant, product or byproduct of the oxidation reaction using the analytical method of the present invention and controlling the oxidation process in response to the measurement taken.

Use of infrared spectroscopy for on-line process control and endpoint detection

Provided are methods of inhibiting bile acid uptake from the gastrointestinal system and reducing blood serum cholesterol by administering to a mammal, such as a human, an effective amount of particles comprising amphiphilic copolymers, having a crosslinked shell domain and an interior core domain.

Particles comprising amphiphilic copolymers

This invention provides a method of preparing a polymeric delivery system for active ingredients having enhanced site specific release performance characteristics. The delivery system is formed either by attaching the active ingredient to a linker through an acid-sensitive covalent bond, then forming a covalent bond between the linker and a portion of the subunits of a crosslinked polystyrene polymer, or by attaching a linker to a portion of the subunits of a crosslinked polystyrene polymer, then attaching the active ingredient to the polymer-linker combination through an acid-sensitive covalent bond. The invention also provides a delivery system comprising an active ingredient covalently bonded through an acid-sensitive covalent bond to a linker, which is in turn covalently bonded to a portion of subunits of a crosslinked polystyrene polymer. The invention further provides a method for treatment or prevention of gastric ulcers using a delivery system capable of delivering prostaglandin or prostacyclin drugs, especially misoprostol.

Ph-selective delivery system using crosslinked polymeric resins as vehicles

Functionalized polymers manifesting exceptional stress-strain properties are prepared from polyols having terminal and nonterminal hydroxyl groups.

Functionalized polymers

Novel, liquid mixtures of isomeric aldehydes and alcohols are described in the C.sub.11 -C.sub.16 carbon range, the compounds being characterized by a main carbon branched at the position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the aldehyde mixtures are prepared by an economic route from olefins involving oxo and aldol reaction with the reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product, and preferably with a base catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under conditions to make high conversions attainable. The aldehyde mixtures can be hydrogenated to alcohols and converted to novel ethoxylates or sulfate compositions suitable for use as biodegradable detergents; or hydrogenated and oxidized to novel carboxylic acid compositions also suitable for detergent use.

Detergent range aldehyde and alcohol mixtures and derivatives, and

A novel, liquid mixture of C.sub.14 isomeric alcohols is described which is suitable for use in forming effective and biodegradable detergents, the alcohols being characterized by a 5-carbon branch at the 2-position and moderate additional branching in most isomers; the alcohols are prepared by a novel economic route from propylene dimer, involving oxo, aldol and hydrogenation reactions with the oxo reaction conducted in such a way as to give a high percentage of aldolable product and preferably with a base-catalyzed aldol reaction conducted under particular conditions to make high conversions attainable.

Preparation of pentyl nonanols

A preparation of a plasticizer alcohol, consisting of predominantly 2-propylheptanol, from linear butenes is described in which oxo product of the butenes is aldoled to condense n-pentaldehyde therein with very little cross-aldolization followed by hydrogenation to obtain the 2-propylheptanol with very small 2-propyl-4-methyl hexanol content. The alcohol product as phthalate ester has excellent plasticizer properties. Also processes are described for converting other olefins to alcohols by oxo, aldol and hydrogenation reactions, with particular attention to converting hexenes obtained by propylene dimerization to C.sub.14 alcohols suitable for preparation of detergents.

Synthesis of plasticizer and detergent alcohols

In the cobalt carbonyl-catalyzed carbonylation of methanol to ethanol, acetaldehyde and methyl acetate, a tertiary phosphine oxide is utilized as a stabilizer. Product is distilled from the reaction mixture and the cobalt-containing residue solution is recycled.

Carbonylation process with stabilized catalyst

Hydrogenolysis of hydrobenzoins [1,2-bis(aryl)ethane-1,2-diols] in the presence of a catalyst comprising cobalt carbonyl yields 1,2-bis(aryl)ethanes. The process is particularly directed to the production of 1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane from 4,4-dihydroxyhydrobenzoin [1,2-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)ethane-1,2-diol].

Hydrogenolysis of hydrobenzoins

The complexes [Ir(CO).sub.3 I], [HIr(CO).sub.3 I.sub.2 ], [HIr(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 (H.sub.2 O)], [RIr(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 ], [(RCO)Ir(CO).sub.2 I.sub.2 ] where R is an alkyl radical, are described. Processes for preparing the aforesaid complexes are described and in addition a new process for preparation of [Ir(CO).sub.3 I.sub.3 ] is described.

Iridium carbonyl complexes

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of carboxylic acids, specifically by the reaction of ethylenically unsaturated compounds with carbon monoxide and water, in the presence of catalyst compositions essentially comprising iridium compounds and complexes, together with an iodide promoter, the improvement being the provision of at least 50 percent by weight of the iridium in the reaction solution in a highly catalytically active form as a species having infrared absorption bands at 2098 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (vs), 2155 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (w), 2180 cm.sup.-.sup.1 (vw, br). By monitoring the infrared absorption spectra of reacting solutions and following the magnitude of the 2098 cm.sup.-.sup.1 band the operating conditions are adjusted so that this band is present in 50 percent or more concentration relative to the infrared absorption spectral bands of the other iridium species in solution. Through this monitoring and control process significantly increased reactor productivity to carboxylic acids is achieved.

Production of carboxylic acids by controlling the active form of iridium

The present invention relates to an improved process for the preparation of organic carboxylic acid anhydrides, specifically by the reaction of ethylenically unsaturated compounds having 2 to 30 carbon atoms with carbon monoxide and carboxylic acids or substances which yield carboxylic acids under reaction conditions at a temperature of 50.degree. C to 300.degree. C and a partial pressure of carbon monoxide of from 1 to 200 atm. in the presence of a catalyst composition essentially comprised of

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St. Louis, MO, United States of America

Denis Forster