Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Elemind Technologies, Inc.

Nuvu LLC

Carnegie Mellon University

David Wang

Edward Stuart Boyden

Nir Grossman

Yet-Ming Chiang

Venkatasubramanian Viswanathan

Linsen Li

Vikram Pande

The present invention is generally related to separators for use in lithium metal batteries, and associated systems and products. Certain embodiments are related to separators that form or are repaired when an electrode is held at a voltage. In some embodiments, an electrochemical cell may comprise an electrolyte that comprises a precursor for the separator.

Electrolytes for lithium metal electrodes and rechargeable batteries using same

A neuromodulator may output stimuli that causes a user to fall asleep faster than the user would in the absence of the stimuli. Alternatively, the stimuli may modify a sleep state or behavior associated with a sleep state, or may cause or hinder a transition from a waking state to a sleep state or from a sleep state to another sleep state. The neuromodulator may take electroencephalography measurements. Based on these measurements, the neuromodulator may detect, in real time, instantaneous amplitude and instantaneous phase of an endogenous brain signal. The neuromodulator may output stimulation that is, or that causes sensations which are, phase-locked with the endogenous brain signal. In the course of calculating instantaneous phase and amplitude, the neuromodulator may perform an endpoint-corrected Hilbert transform. The stimuli may comprise auditory, visual, electrical, magnetic, vibrotactile or haptic stimuli.

Methods and apparatus for inducing or modifying sleep

A neuromodulator accurately measures&#x2014;in real time and over a range of frequencies&#x2014;the instantaneous phase and amplitude of a natural signal. For example, the natural signal may be an electrical signal produced by neural tissue, or a motion such as a muscle tremor. The neuromodulator generates signals that are precisely timed relative to the phase of the natural signal. For example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that is phase-locked with the natural signal. Or, for example, the neuromodulator may generate an exogenous signal that comprises short bursts which occur only during a narrow phase range of each period of an oscillating natural signal. The neuromodulator corrects distortions due to Gibbs phenomenon. In some cases, the neuromodulator does so by applying a causal filter to a discrete Fourier transform in the frequency domain, prior to taking an inverse discrete Fourier transform.

Methods and apparatus for neuromodulation

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David Wang