Soreq Nuclear Research Center

The State of Israel, Atomic Energy Commission, Soreq Nuclear Research

The United States of America As Represented by the Department of Energy

El-mul Technologies Ltd

David Vartsky

Mark Goldberg

Gideon Engler

Aharon Goldschmidt

Amos Breskin

Armin Schon

Lucian Wielopolski

Pinchas Gilad

Yair Shamai

Ephraim Izak

Stanton H Cohn

Kenneth J Ellis

Anthony F LoMonte

Acher Sayah

Yair Shimoni

Ovadia Even

Christoph Kersten

Volker Dangendorf

Doron Bar

Rachel Chechik

A method for detecting nitrogenous materials within an object by means of Gamma-Resonance Absorption (GRA), including placing on one side of an object a target containing 13C for bombardment with a proton beam of approximately 1.75 MeV energy, to produce a source of 9.172 MeV gamma-rays for scanning the object, reading from the gamma-ray detector the total and the non-resonant attenuations of the incident photon flux, and deriving from the attenuations the net resonant attenuation and the spatial distribution thereof; wherein scanning the object includes: I. performing a rapid pre-scan to classify the overall gamma-ray-attenuation regime and locate regions of high physical density, in which longer scanning times might be required; II. performing a full scan to identify and locate regions that contain nitrogenous materials; and III. performing a plurality of scans in same or different segments to establish presence of explosives.

Method and system for detecting nitrogenous materials via gamma-resonance absorption (GRA)

The present invention produces strings of true random numbers, extracted from field emission of electrons from nano-size emitters (NSE). Electrons may be produced in a miniature, three-electrode vacuum element that consists of a NSE emitter attached to the cathode surface, a close proximity gate electrode and an accelerating electrode (anode). A miniature fast response electron detector may also be inserted into the vacuum vessel. The detector sensitivity may allow single electron detection, with a noise level much lower than the resulting single-electron signal. The accelerated electrons may be directed to the detector and produce electric signals with well-defined pulse height and pulse shape characteristics. The electronic system analyzes the signals from the detector and generates random numbers thereby.

High-speed, true random-number generator

An efficient, large-area-detector and readout-system for combined sub-mm spatial imaging and time-of-flight spectrometry of fast and slow neutrons, as well as gamma-rays, capable of loss-free operation in mixed neutron-gamma fields of very high intensity.

Time-resolved, optical-readout detector for neutron and gamma-ray imaging

Improved method and means for the detection of nitrogenous material or assaying of nitrogenous material in an object on the basis of nuclear resonant attenuation of 9.17 MeV .gamma.-rays. A target in form of one or several .sup.13 C pellets at least 25.mu. thick, or alternatively in form of a body that bears a composite thin film including at least one .sup.13 C layer not more than 1.mu. thick and at least one other substance that is capable of generating supplementary .gamma.-radiation for determining the non-resonant component of attenuation, is bombarded with 1.75 MeV protons to produce a source of 9.17 MeV .gamma.-rays. The target is placed on one side of the inspected object and a .gamma.-ray detector or an array of such detectors is placed on the other side and the total and non-resonant attenuation are read and evaluated.

Detection of nitrogenous material

A method for determining a lower-bound quantity per unit volume of a physical property associated with a body, the property being susceptible to measurement in a plurality of directions. In general, the method comprises the steps of scanning a volume of interest in a predetermined number of directions so as to derive for each direction an area having a plurality of projections thereon each representing a cumulative value of said property within the volume of interest along a respective one of the directions, and determining an estimated volume of the body as the intersection of all volume elements bounded by the derived areas. For each area the sum of all the projections are compared and correction is applied as required so as to remove any disparity between the sums so as to produce a uniform sum in each of the directions. The lower-bound quantity per unit volume of the property of the body is then calculated as the quotient of the uniform sum divided by the estimated volume. A system is also described for determining the lower-bound density of nitrogen using the method according to the invention.

Method and system for determining a lower-bound density of a body

A method for the detection of a nitrogenous explosive material in an object is provided which makes use of nuclear resonance absorption. The object to be tested is placed between a 9.17 MeV .gamma.-rays source and an .gamma.-rays detector holding a nitrogen medium. The total and the non-resonant attenuation of the .gamma.-rays flux is read by the detector and fed into a recorder. From the measured attenuation the net non-resonant attenuation is calculated and the amount of a nitrogenous explosive present in the object is determined therefrom. Also provided by the invention is a system for detecting a nitrogenous explosive in an object.

Method and system for detection of nitrogenous explosives by using

The lithium used clinically and distributed in organs such as the brain or idney of humans and other exhaling animals is determined in-vivo by means of neutron radiation and measuring in the exhaled air elemental tritiated hydrogen released from the tritium reaction by the reaction .sup.6 Li(n,.alpha.)T. The tritium atoms so released are transformed in part in the surrounding aqueous solution to form gaseous tritiated hydrogen which has a small solubility in body tissues and liquids and thus appears quickly in the breath. After a recipient fasts and is irradiated with neutrons, the air exhaled in the breath for a given time after irradiation is captured and processed to remove water, isolate hydrogen and measure the tritiated hydrogen with a gaseous organ-methane counter.

In-vivo measurement of lithium in the brain and other organs

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Rehovot, Israel

David Vartsky