Xerox Corporation

David R Kurceba

Melanie Lynn Davis

Shigang S Qiu

Tie Hwee Ng

Richard P N Veregin

Chieh-Min Cheng

Cuong Vong

Kimberly D Nosella

Santiago Faucher

Abdisamed Sheik-Qasim

Yulin Wang

Shivanthi Easwari Sriskandha

Vincenzo G Marcello

Edward Graham Zwartz

Allan K Chen

Juan A Morales-Tirado

Zhaoyang Ou

David John William Lawton

Arthur Helbrecht

Rashid Mahmood

Nancy S Hunt

Daniel Mcdougall Mcneil

Cheih-Min Cheng

Scott Edward Silver

Guerino G Sacripante

Karen Ann Moffat

Raj D Patel

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

Robert D Bayley

Paul Joseph Gerroir

George Liebermann

Zhen Lai

Frank Ping-Hay Lee

T Hwee Ng

David J Sanders

Emily Louise Moore

Steven M Malachowski

Rosa M Duque

Michael J D'Amato

John Abate

Amy Avolia Grillo

Francisco E Torres

David J W Lawton

Karina Lopez

Yolanda E Maldonado

David Lawton

Faisal Shamshad

Michael Damato

Frank Ping Lee

Shigang Steven Qiu

Daniel M Mcneil

Richard Pn Veregin

A method for assessing polymeric additive content A in a polymeric particle mixture may comprise determining a concentration B of a metal cation in a polymeric particle mixture comprising parent polymeric particles and polymeric additive particles, wherein the metal cation is selected from alkali earth metals and alkali metals, other than sodium (Na), and the metal cation is capable of forming a water-soluble base; determining a concentration C of the metal cation in the parent polymeric particles; determining a concentration D of the metal cation in the polymeric additive particles; and calculating a polymeric additive content A using formula A=(B&#x2212;C)/D.

Polymeric additives made using base addition and related methods

A toner including toner particles comprising at least one resin, in combination with an optional colorant, and an optional wax; and a copolymer toner additive on at least a portion of an external surface of the toner particles, the copolymer toner additive comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; and a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 60 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; wherein the copolymer toner additive has a volume average particle diameter of from about 20 nanometers to less than about 70 nanometers. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

Toner compositions and processes having reduced or no titania surface additives

A polymeric composition including a copolymer comprising a first monomer having a high carbon to oxygen ratio of from about 3 to about 8; a second monomer comprising two or more vinyl groups, wherein the second monomer is present in the copolymer in an amount of from greater than about 8 percent by weight to about 40 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and optionally, a third monomer comprising an amine, wherein the third monomer is present in an amount of from about 0.1 percent by weight to about 1.5 percent by weight, based on the weight of the copolymer; and a surfactant, wherein the surfactant has a minimum surface tension at critical micelle concentration of less than about 30 mN/m. A toner including the copolymer as a toner surface additive. An emulsion aggregation toner process including the copolymer as a toner surface additive.

Cross-linked polymeric latex prepared with a low surface tension surfactant

Disclosed is toner particles having controlled and tailorable fusing characteristics. In particular, there is provided toner particles comprising styrene acrylate which have specific shape characteristics that allow for tailorable fusing characteristics without generating a detrimental effect on the blocking characteristics of such toners.

Emulsion aggregation toners

The method of manufacturing toners disclosed herein includes a continuous temperature ramp and coalescence process that involves continuously passing toner slurry, such as an aggregated toner slurry, through at least one heat exchanger before being subjected to a cooling step. The heat exchanger is pressurized, so the temperature of the slurry may be increased above the atmospheric boiling point of water without boiling the water component of the slurry. Because of these higher temperatures, the coalescence step can be completed more quickly than in conventional batch processes. More than two heat exchangers may be connected in the coalescence step, yielding multiple ramping/cooling temperature steps, ability to inject components, or recycling heat from the process to reduce energy consumption.

Emulsion aggregation process

The present disclosure provides a colorless polyester resin produced using phosphinic acid, optionally in combination with a titanium-based catalyst.

Catalyst for polyester polycondensation reaction

The present disclosure provides processes for making inorganic or organic colorant dispersions using an acoustic mixer, where such dispersion may be used to make toner. Such processes apply low frequency, high intensity acoustic energy and a consistent shear field throughout an entire mixing vessel and provide uniform dispersion of colorants within minutes.

Preparing colorant dispersions using acoustic mixing

A phase inversion emulsification process includes dissolving a polyester resin in a mixture comprising (1) an organic solvent, (2) a first portion of a total amount of neutralizing agent, and (3) a first portion of water, neutralizing the dissolved polyester resin with a second portion of neutralizing agent, the second portion of neutralizing agent including the remaining amount of the total amount neutralizing agent, forming an emulsion by adding a second portion of water after the neutralizing step, and removing a portion of the organic solvent from the emulsion to provide a latex.

Process for preparing polyester emulsions

Processes for continuously coalescing particles from an aggregated particle slurry are disclosed. An aggregated particle slurry is further heated in a first heat exchanger, and the heated slurry then flows through a residence time reactor. The slurry, now containing coalesced particles, then flows through a second heat exchanger and is quenched. The recovered coalesced particle slurry is then suitable for washing and drying. No moving parts are needed in this system.

Continuous toner coalescence processes

A process and system for making a resin emulsion suitable for use in forming toner particles including a silicone free anti-foam agent to control foam during formation of a polyester dispersion.

Efficient solvent-based phase inversion emulsification process with defoamer

A process for making emulsion aggregation (EA) toners is provided. In embodiments, the process comprises aggregating a mixture comprising a latex resin, and at least one colorant in a reactor to form aggregated toner particles, adding a shell resin to form a shell over the aggregated toner particles, coalescing the aggregated toner particles, and recovering the toner particles.

Toner process using acoustic mixer

A process for making a latex emulsion suitable for use in a toner composition includes contacting at least one crystalline polyester resin with an organic solvent to form a resin mixture, adding a neutralizing agent, and deionized water to the resin mixture, removing the solvent from the formed latex, and continuously recovering latex particles.

Processes for producing polyester latexes via single-solvent-based emulsification

A method of making toner particles, including mixing at least one emulsion of at least one resin, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives to form a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated particles in the slurry; freezing aggregation of the particles by adjusting the pH; and heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the particles into toner particles.

Method for controlling a toner preparation process

A method of making toner particles, including: mixing, at less than about 17&#xb0; C. and without homogenizing, a resin emulsion with a coagulant, a colorant, an optional wax, and optional additives, to form pre-aggregated particles in a slurry; heating the slurry to form aggregated toner particles; freezing aggregation of the particles in the slurry once at a desired aggregated particle size; and further heating the aggregated particles in the slurry to coalesce the aggregated particles into toner particles.

Emulsion aggregation methods

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Hamilton, Canada

David R Kurceba