Hewlett-packard Development Company, L.p.

David Michael Ingle

Phillip C Cagle

Vladek P Kasperchik

Howard Doumaux

Paul Joseph Bruinsma

George Sarkisian

Timothy Christopher Mauldin

Michael G Monroe

Cory J Ruud

Mohammed Saad Shaarawi

Dennis Z Guo

Jie Zheng

Max Yen

Sivapackia Ganapathiappan

Krzysztof Nauka

Ronald Albert Askeland

Alexey S Kabalnov

Ali Emamjomeh

Tienteh Chen

Rodney David Stramel

Elizabeth Ann Visnyak

Chandrasekhar Nadimpalli

Minedys Macias Guzman

Marc Rossinyol Casals

Yohannes Chonde

Britt Marie Christenson

June Yang

Marcos A Barreto Caban

Phillip C Cagle, Jr

In a three-dimensional (3D) printing method example, a metallic build material is applied. A binder fluid is selectively applied on at least a portion of the metallic build material. The binder fluid includes a liquid vehicle and polymer particles dispersed in the liquid vehicle. The application of the metallic build material and the selective application of the binder fluid are repeated to create a patterned green part. The patterned green part is heated to at about a melting point of the polymer particles to activate the binder fluid and create a cured green part. The cured green part is heated to a thermal decomposition temperature of the polymer particles to create an at least substantially polymer-free gray part. The at least substantially polymer-free gray part is heated to a sintering temperature to form a metallic part.

Three-dimensional (3D) printing

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 μm to about 250 μm; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40° C. to about 180° C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.

Three-dimensional printing

Described herein are methods and systems for printing a three-dimensional object. In an example, a method for printing a three-dimensional object can comprise: (i) a metallic build material being applied; (ii) a binder fluid being applied on at least a portion of the metallic build material; (iii) the selectively applied binder fluid can be flash fused to bind the metallic build material and the selectively applied binder fluid by application of an energy flux having an energy density of from about 0.5 J/cmto about 20 J/cmfor less than about 1 second. In the example, (i), (ii), and (iii) can be repeated at least one time to form the three-dimensional object. The binder fluid can comprise a liquid vehicle and polymer particles dispersed in the liquid vehicle.

The present disclosure is drawn to aqueous pigment dispersions. In one example, an aqueous pigment dispersion can include from 40 wt % to 90 wt % water, from 2 wt % to 30 wt % organic co-solvent, from 7.5 wt % to 30 wt % copper phthalocyanine pigment, from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt % styrene-acrylic dispersant, and from 0.5 wt % to 5 wt % hydrophilic polyurethane dispersant having a weight average molecular weight from 10,000 Mw to 30,000 Mw. The styrene-acrylic dispersant and the hydrophilic polyurethane dispersant can be present at a weight ratio from 1:10 to 2:1.

Aqueous pigment dispersions

The present disclosure provides a white ink comprising an aqueous ink vehicle, a white colorant, and latex particles. The colorant can consist essentially of metal oxide particles present at from 2 wt % to 50 wt %, can have an average particle size from 100 nm to 1000 nm, and can have a high refractive index from 1.8 to 2.8. The latex can be present in the ink at from 2 wt % to 20 wt %, can have a glass transition temperature from 0&#xb0; C. to 130&#xb0; C., and can have a low refractive index from 1.3 to 1.6. The metal oxide particles and latex particles can be present in the white ink at weight ratio is from 6:1 to 1:3.

White ink

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a method of printing a three-dimensional object comprising: (i) depositing a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 &#x3bc;m to about 250 &#x3bc;m; (ii) selectively applying a binder fluid on at least a portion of the metal powder build material, wherein the binder fluid comprises an aqueous liquid vehicle and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle; (iii) heating the selectively applied binder fluid on the metal powder build material to a temperature of from about 40&#xb0; C. to about 180&#xb0; C.; and (iv) repeating (i), (ii), and (iii) at least one time to form the three-dimensional object.

Described herein are compositions, methods, and systems for printing metal three-dimensional objects. In an example, described is a composition for three-dimensional printing comprising: a metal powder build material, wherein the metal powder build material has an average particle size of from about 10 &#x3bc;m to about 250 &#x3bc;m; and a binder fluid comprising: an aqueous liquid vehicle, and latex polymer particles dispersed in the aqueous liquid vehicle, wherein the latex polymer particles have an average particle size of from about 10 nm to about 300 nm.

A polymer particle includes a first heteropolymer composition and a second heteropolymer composition having a higher glass transition temperature (T) than a Tof the first heteropolymer composition. The first heteropolymer composition includes two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers or two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomers. The second heteropolymer composition includes a cycloaliphatic monomer and an aromatic monomer. The cycloaliphatic monomer is selected from the group consisting of a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate monomer and a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomer and the aromatic monomer is selected from the group consisting of an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer and an aromatic (meth)acrylamide monomer.

Polymer particles

A fluid set can include an ink composition having a pH from pH 7 to pH 10 and a crosslinker composition having a basic pH from pH 8 to pH 10. The ink composition can include from 60 wt % to 90 wt % water, from 5 wt % to 30 wt % organic co-solvent, from 1 wt % to 6 wt % pigment, and a latex polymer including an aromatic (meth)acrylate moiety. The crosslinker composition can include from 70 wt % to 95 wt % water, from 1 wt % to 25 wt % organic co-solvent, and from 1 wt % to 10 wt % polycarbodiimide.

Fluid sets

Herein is described a latex polymer derived from a composition comprising a cycloaliphatic monomer and an aromatic monomer, wherein the cycloaliphatic monomer comprises a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylate monomer or a cycloaliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomer and the aromatic monomer comprises an aromatic (meth)acrylate monomer or an aromatic (meth)acrylamide monomer. Also described is an inkjet ink composition comprising the latex polymer.

Latex polymer

Described herein is an inkjet ink composition and an inkjet cartridge comprising an inkjet ink composition and an ink ejection device comprising a recirculation system. The inkjet ink composition may comprise a latex polymer and an ink vehicle. The ink vehicle comprising water and a co-solvent comprising a solvent having a boiling point in the range of about 170&#xb0; C. to about 215&#xb0; C. and a solvent having a boiling point of about 220&#xb0; C. or more.

Inkjet ink composition and inkjet cartridge

The present disclosure refers to an inkjet ink set comprising a black ink with a black pigment, a yellow ink with a yellow pigment, a cyan ink with a cyan pigment, a magenta ink with a magenta pigment and a white ink with a white pigment. At least one of the ink further contains a latex binder that is dispersed in the ink vehicle, and that includes a first heteropolymer including two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylate ester monomers or two or more aliphatic (meth)acrylamide monomers; and a second heteropolymer including a cycloaliphatic monomer and an aromatic monomer. The present disclosure refers also to a printing method using the ink set and to a system for printing the ink set.

Inkjet ink set

Herein is described an inkjet printing system comprising: an aqueous pre-treatment fluid comprising a cationic polymer and a pre-treatment vehicle; an aqueous inkjet ink composition comprising a latex polymer comprising a (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide polymer or copolymer, a pigment and an ink vehicle; and an aqueous inkjet overcoat composition comprising a latex polymer comprising a (meth)acrylate or (meth)acrylamide polymer or copolymer, a wax and an overcoat vehicle.

Inkjet printing system

The present disclosure is drawn to aqueous pigment co-dispersions. The co-dispersions include self-dispersed pigment with a chemically modified surface; released surface moieties from the self-dispersing pigment; pigment powder having the released surface moieties associated with pigment powder surfaces; polymeric dispersant; and water.

Growing community of inventors

San Diego, CA, United States of America

David Michael Ingle