University of California

Trustees of the Colorado School of Mines

David Kleinfeld

Daniel E Adams

Charles G Durfee

Lee Frederick Schroeder

Jeffrey Squier

Dawn Vitek

Nozomi Nishimura

Christopher B Schaffer

Quoc-Thang Nguyen

Philbert Tsai

Beth Friedman

Patrick D Lyden

Jeff Squier

Temporal focusing of spatially chirped femtosecond laser pulses overcomes previous limitations for ablating high aspect ratio features with low numerical aperture (NA) beams. Simultaneous spatial and temporal focusing reduces nonlinear interactions, such as self-focusing, prior to the focal plane so that deep (&#x2dc;1 mm) features with parallel sidewalls are ablated at high material removal rates.

Spatially chirped pulses for femtosecond laser ablation through transparent materials

A method is provided for in vivo detection of a biochemical substance in an animal by culturing neurofluocytes that stably express a receptor of the biochemical substances by transfecting cells with cDNA of the receptor and a tag that will emit a detectable energy in the presence of the biochemical substance, implanting the neurofluocyte into the animal's brain; and detecting the energy emission of the tag. In a first embodiment, the biochemical substance is a neurotransmitter, the tag is a fluophore, and the step of detecting includes forming an opening in the animal's skull and optically detecting fluorescent emissions using a two-photon laser scanning microscope. Multiple biochemical substances can be simultaneously detected by culturing neurofluocytes that express different receptors and have different fluophor tags that produce fluorescent signals at distinguishable wavelengths.

Method for measuring neurotransmitters in vivo

Ultrashort laser pulses are used to induce photodisruptive breakdown in vasculature in an animal to controllably produce hemorrhage, thrombosis or breach of the blood-brain barrier in individual, specifically-targeted blood vessels. Damage is limited to the targeted vessels such that neighboring vessels exhibit no signs of vascular damage, including vessels directly above and directly below the targeted vessel. Ultrashort laser pulses of lower energy are also used to observe and quantify the baseline and altered states of blood flow. Observation and measurement may be performed by TPLSM, OCT or other known techniques, providing a real-time, in vivo model for the dynamics and effects of vascular injury.

Device and method for inducing vascular injury and/or blockage in an animal model

Growing community of inventors

La Jolla, CA, United States of America

David Kleinfeld