Carnegie Mellon University

University of Louisville Research Foundation

Educational Testing Service

David Kaufer

Beata Beigman Klebanov

Alexander R W Cheek

Ananda Gunawardena

Paul L Yeoh

Joanna Wolfe

Systems and methods are provided for determining whether an examination prompt elicits responses of a type for which the examination prompt is designed. Word types for each of a plurality of words in a plurality of responses to the examination prompt are identified. An evaluation distribution of the identified word types is determined. Predetermined distributions stored on a computer-readable medium associated with a plurality of different response types are accessed, and the evaluation distribution is compared to each of the predetermined distributions to determine which predetermined distribution the evaluation distribution is most similar. A determination is made as to whether the most similar distribution is associated with a same response type as the type for which the examination prompt is designed. An indication is made as to whether the examination prompt is deemed to elicit responses of the type for which the examination prompt is designed.

Systems and methods for determining the validity of an essay examination prompt

Methods of facilitating the discovery of relationships between/among participants within systems for annotating visual media objects to create new associations, communities, and other relationships. These methods include processing annotations, metadata, and/or other information using one or more aggregate-behavior-visualization algorithms and displaying aggregate-behavior visualizations to users. These visualizations allow users to seek out and discover relationships and provide unique knowledge assets useful for a variety of purposes, including creating smart documents and fostering learning.

Media annotation visualization tools and techniques, and an aggregate-behavior visualization system utilizing such tools and techniques

Growing community of inventors

Pittsburgh, PA, United States of America

David Kaufer