Other

The Lubrizol Corporation

Clayton Manufacturing Company

David John Stevenson

Robert E Domian

A device for spraying a noxious powder includes a housing for a CO.sub.2 cartridge, and a moveable barrel which carries a firing pin by which the cartridge can be punctured to explosively release the gas. The barrel has a nozzle at its outer end, and contains the noxious powder in a chamber defined between the barrel and the firing pin. When the barrel is released from an outwardly extended position it is thrust by a spring against the rupturable end of the cartridge, thereby releasing the gas which in turn propels the active agent through the nozzle and toward the assailant at whom it is aimed. Generally, a powdered tear gas will be employed in the device.

Self-defense spray device

A torque measuring device is disclosed wherein a torque of a rotating member rotating about an axis is measured. The device includes a support member which is attached to a fixed object such as a stationary frame by at least two linkage arms. Each linkage arm is pivotably attached at a first point of attachment to the fixed object and at a second point of attachment to the support member. The relative positioning of the rotating member, the support member, and the linkage arms is such that geometrical lines interconnecting the respective first and second points of attachment of each linkage arm substantially intersect the axis of the rotating member. The rotating member is in an operative relationship with the support member so that the rotating member during its rotation imparts a force to the support member, which attempts to rotate the support member. An instantaneous center of rotation of the support member coincides with the axis of rotation of the rotating member. A load cell or like force measuring device is interposed between the support member and the fixed object to measure the force imparted to the support member by the rotating member. The load cell and the linkage arms prevent substantial displacement of the support member even though the measured force may vary substantially. From the measured force and a known and constant lever arm of the force the torque of the rotating member is readily calculated.

Torque measuring device

A catalytic converter for controlling unburned emissions from automotive exhaust gases includes a reactor chamber having inlet and outlet openings for passage of the exhaust gases therethrough. Oxidizing catalyst devices are distributed along the reactor chamber between the inlet and outlet openings for contact by exhaust gases flowing therethrough. Secondary air feed means is provided for feeding secondary air into the reactor chamber at a plurality of spaced-apart locations between the inlet and outlet openings. The secondary air feed means includes a conduit extending in a tortuous path through the reactor chamber for pre-heating secondary air flowing through the conduit prior to discharge into the reactor chamber. The flow rate and distribution of secondary air are arranged to prevent overheating of the catalyst. Malfunction of the converter is detected by comparing temperatures in the last two stages or by sensing the absolute temperature of the last stage.

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Arcadia, CA, United States of America

David John Stevenson