The Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Government

University Court of the University of St. Andrews

Lyondell Chemical Technology, L.p.

Lucite International UK Limited

The Secretary of State for Defense in Her Britannic Majesty's Government

Eastman Chemical Company

Qinetiq Limited

Secretary of State for Defence in Her Britannic Majesty's Gov. of the

David John Cole-Hamilton

John B Mullin

Daniel F White

Anthony Copeland Jones

Graham Ronald Eastham

Robert Thomas Hembre

Ifor David William Samuel

Jennifer Julis

Deodatta V Shenai-Khatkhate

Paul Webb

Arthur K Holliday

Ine Boogaerts

James Allen Ponasik, Jr

Wilfred P Shum

Catherine Cazin

Janet E Hails

John William Bond

Jan Hendrik Blank

Cristina Jimenez

Ifor David William Sámuel

Saamara N Turney, Legal Representative

William Bell

Jennifer Rachel Amey

Douglas F Foster

Alasdair E McQueen

Simon Laurent Desset

Ewan McQueen

Neil D Gerrard

Stuart Bartlett

Christina Jimenez

The invention relates to a method of alkene metathesis. In the method, at least one monoalkene is subjected to ethenolysis in the presence of a diene. The invention also relates to the use of a diene to promote an ethenolysis reaction conducted on a monoalkene.

Synthetic method

The invention provides a method of alkene metathesis comprising contacting at least a first alkene, which is cardanol and/or anacardic acid, with an alkylidene ruthenium alkene metathesis catalyst comprising two ligands Pand P, which may be the same or different and of formula P(R), in which P is a phosphorus atom coordinated to the ruthenium ion and each Ris independently an optionally substituted alkyl or alkoxy group; or two Rgroups within one Por Pligand constitute an optionally substituted bicycloalkyl.

Metathesis reactions with cardanol and/or anacardic acid

This invention relates to a process for making methanol and ethanol from carbon dioxide and hydrogen. The process includes contacting a mixture of carbon dioxide and hydrogen with a catalyst system containing a ruthenium compound&#x2014;and optionally, a chloride or bromide-containing compound&#x2014;dispersed in a low-melting tetraorganophosphonium chloride or bromide salt under conditions effective to produce methanol and ethanol. The invention also relates to a process for making methanol and ethanol from carbon monoxide and water using the same catalyst system.

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Novel conjugates of nanoparticles are provided and have particular utility in the detection of latent fingerprints by their ability to bind to a fingerprint residue. The conjugate comprises a nanoparticle attached to a linker group having a terminal reactive moiety, wherein said nanoparticle comprises a core of a first semiconductor material having a first luminescence and a shell of a second material which at least partially surrounds the core. The conjugated nanoparticle can bind to the fingerprint residue and can be detected using fluorescence.

Conjugated nanoparticles and their use in detection of latent fingerprints

An additive for improving the rate of catalysis in biphasic reaction systems is disclosed. The additive is an ionic molecule comprising an organic cation such as a heterocyclic compound or a quaternary ammonium or phosphonium cation, and an anion which may be organic or inorganic. A process for improved catalysis in an aqueous biphasic system wherein the catalyst is substantially dissolved in the aqueous phase and the substrate is substantially contained in the non-aqueous phase is also described. A suitable additive is 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium halide. Examples of suitable catalytic reactions include the hydrogenation, hydrosilation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, oxidation and hydroxycarbonylation of alkenes, and Heck, Suzuki, Stille, and Sonigashira coupling.

Ionic additive for catalysis in biphasic reaction systems

A catalyst, useful for the hydroformylation of allyl alcohol, is described. The catalyst comprises a rhodium complex and a 6-bis(3,5-dialkylphenyl)phosphino-N-pivaloyl-2-aminopyridine or a 3-bis(3,5-dialkylphenyl)phosphino-2H-isoquinolin-1-one. The invention also includes a process for the production of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde comprising reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and the catalyst. The process gives a high ratio of the linear product 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde to the branched co-product 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde.

Hydroformylation process

The present invention provides a process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds, which process comprises reacting said ethylenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide and hydrogen, in the presence of a catalyst system and a solvent, the catalyst system obtainable by combining: a) a metal of Group VIII or a compound thereof; and b) a bidentate phosphine, the process characterized in that a chlorine moiety is present in at least one of the said Group VIII metal compound or said solvent.

Process for the hydroformylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds

A direct hydrocarbonylation process for the production of 1,4-butanediol is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in an alcohol solvent in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex, a trialkyl phosphine, and a diphosphine. The process gives a high yield of 1,4-butanediol in a one-step reaction.

Direct hydrocarbonylation process

A process for the production of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde is described. The process comprises reacting allyl alcohol with a mixture of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a solvent and a catalyst system comprising a rhodium complex and a substituted or unsubstituted 4,5-bis(di-n-alkylphosphino)xanthene. The process gives high yield of 4-hydroxybutyraldehyde compared to 3-hydroxy-2-methylpropionaldehyde.

A process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds is described. The process comprises reacting an ethylenically unsaturated compound with carbon monoxide in the presence of a source of hydroxyl groups and a catalyst system. The catalyst system is obtained by combining: (a) metal of Group VIII or a compound thereof; and (b) a bidentate phosphine of general formula (I) The carbonylation reaction is carried out at a temperature of between &#x2212;30&#xb0; C. to 49&#xb0; C. and under a CO partial pressure of less than 30&#xd7;10N.m 

Process for the carbonylation of ethylenically unsaturated compounds

The invention relates to a method of depositing HgCdTe onto a substrate, in a MOVPE technique, where 0&#x2266;x&#x2266;1; comprising the step of reacting together a volatile organotellurium compound, and one or both of (i) a volatile organocadmium compound and (ii) mercury vapour; characterised in that the organotellurium compound is isopropylallyltelluride. The invention also relates to devices, such as infrared sensors and solar cells, that comprise HgCdTe materials.

Methods of fabricating devices and semiconductor layers comprising cadmium mercury telluride, mercury telluride, and cadmium telluride

Preparation of dialkyl tellurium and dialkyl selenium

Methods for the preparation of a tellurium or selenium compound of formula Ra M Rb wherein M is tellurium or selenium and Ra and Rb are different C.sub.1-20 alkyl, alkenyl or aryl groups are provided in which a compound of formula (Ra).sub.2 M.sub.2 is reacted with a compound of formula (Rb).sub.2 M in each compound M being the same. Compounds of formula RaMMRb may also be isolated as an intermediate. Ra M Rb compounds are useful as precursors for metal organic vapor phase epitaxy processes.

Method for preparation of organo-tellurium and selenium compounds

Method for purification of tellurium and selenium alkyls

Method for preparation of dialkyl tellurium and dialkyl selenium

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Fife, United Kingdom

David John Cole-Hamilton