Xerox Corporation

David J Sanders

Raj D Patel

Daryl Walter Vanbesien

Grazyna E Kmiecik-Lawrynowicz

T Hwee Ng

Stephan V Drappel

Beng S Ong

Christine Deborah Anderson

Karen Ann Moffat

Cuong Vong

Sandra J Gardner

Walter Mychajlowskij

Tie Hwee Ng

Timothy L Lincoln

Sonja Hadzidedic

Kevin F Marcell

Louis V Isganitis

Marcel Philippe Breton

Michael A Hopper

Enno Eric Agur

Patricia Ann Burns

Peter Gordon Odell

Jennifer Lynne Belelie

Allan K Chen

Francoise M Winnik

John F Oliver

Aleksey Tabachnik

Chu-Heng Liu

Richard P N Veregin

Kimberly D Nosella

T Brian McAneney

Robert D Bayley

Maura A Sweeney

Richard P Veregin

Vladislav Skorokhod

Kurt I Halfyard

Danielle C Boils

Emily Louise Moore

David R Kurceba

Francisco E Torres

Arthur Helbrecht

Jackie B Parker

Matthew Fabrizio

Walter Mychajlowskijj

Nam-Suk Ro

Raj D Patsetl

Timothy L Loncoln

Embodiments include a chemical toner composition having a first resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer and having a Tg of from about 46 to about 56&#xb0; C., b) a second resin including a styrene vinyl copolymer having a Tg of from about 55 to about 65&#xb0; C., c) a distilled wax having a heat of crystallization and a heat of enthalpy, both from about 1.0 to about 4.0 J/g for every weight percent of the wax used in the chemical toner composition, and wherein the wax has a peak melting point of from about 70 to about 99&#xb0; C., and d) a colorant, wherein the chemical toner has a gloss of from about 30 to about 80 GGU.

Toner having crystalline wax

Embodiments include a toner with a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

A method for forming toner particles includes polymerizing monomers to form a latex comprising polymer particles; combining the latex with an unsaturated curable resin to form aggregates containing the polymer particles and the unsaturated curable resin particles; and heating the aggregates to form coalesced particles. A toner composition that may be formed by the process described herein contains toner particles containing: (i) a polymer comprising a photoinitiator, (ii) an unsaturated curable resin and, (iii) a colorant.

Toner composition and method

Embodiments include a fractionated and/or distilled wax having from about 30 to about 64 carbon units, a degree of crystallinity as calculated by heat of melting and as measured by DSC of from about 55 to about 100, a Mw is from about 500 to about 800, and a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Crystalline wax

Embodiments include a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Embodiments include a toner with a distilled wax having a crystallinity of from about 55 to about 100 percent, wherein the degree of crystallinity is calculated using the following formulas: [Heat of enthalpy (Hm) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); [Heat of recrystallization (Hrc) J/g/294 J/g]&#xd7;100=degree of crystallinity (Xc); and Sc/(Sc+Sa)]&#xd7;100%, wherein Sc is a diffraction peak area of a crystalline component of the wax and the Sa is a diffraction peak area of an amorphous component of the wax; and wherein the Mp, Mn and Mw of the wax are all within the range of from about 500 to about 800, and wherein the wax has a polydispersity of from about 1 to about 1.05.

Provided are a latex process and a toner process, both of which include the preparation of a latex having weight average molecular weight of from about 12&#xd7;10to about 24&#xd7;10. The latex is manufactured under monomer-starved polymerization condition such as monomer feeding rate equal to or less than 0.516% per minute by weight of the monomer(s) to be fed. The toners prepared according to the present disclosure have gained improved properties such as gloss, fusing performance, crease performance, stripping performance, document offset, vinyl offset, and parent charging etc.

Low molecular weight latex and toner compositions comprising the same

A method for forming toner particles includes polymerizing monomers to form a latex comprising polymer particles; combining the latex with unsaturated curable resin to form aggregates containing the polymer particles and the unsaturated curable resin particles; and heating the aggregates to form coalesced particles. A toner composition that may be formed by the process described herein contains toner particles containing polymer containing photoinitiator and unsaturated curable resin. Another toner composition that may be formed by the process described herein contains toner particles containing unsaturated curable resin and, on the surface of the toner particles, photoinitiator.

A developer includes a carrier and a toner, wherein the toner contains toner particles of at least one binder, at least one colorant, and external additives, wherein the developer has a trimmer clogging value in relation to toner triboelectric charge and toner cohesion expressed according to the equation(&#x2212;0.80+0.039&#xd7;(% toner cohesion)+0.026&#xd7;(toner triboelectric charge) (&#x3bc;C/g))of less than or equal to about 3.2.

Developer

The toner includes emulsion aggregation toner particles of a binder including a non-crosslinked styrene acrylate polymer, at least one colorant, at least one wax, and aluminized silica, wherein an amount of aluminum metal in the toner particles is from about 50 ppm to about 600 ppm. Such toner is able to provide a high level of gloss while maintaining a low minimum fixing temperature. The aluminized silica acts as a coagulant during the emulsion aggregation formation process of the toner.

High gloss emulsion aggregation toner incorporating aluminized silica as a coagulating agent

A toner process comprising aggregating or coagulating a latex emulsion comprising a resin, a colorant and wax particles using an amount of polymetal ion coagulant to provide core particles; heating the core particles to provide micron size aggregates; optionally adding a second resin emulsion; adding a sequestering or complexing component and a base to remove the polymetal ion in a controlled manner; further heating the mixture to provide toner particles; and optionally, isolating the toner particles.

Toner processes

A toner includes particles of a resin, an optional colorant, a first wax and a second wax, where the toner particles are prepared by an emulsion aggregation process. Additional waxes can also be added for different properties.

Emulsion aggregation toner having gloss enhancement and toner release

A method of forming a xerographic image having at least one portion with a gloss different from a gloss of another portion of the xerographic image includes xerographically forming a toner image on a surface of a substrate and forming a finish over the toner image at the at least one portion, the finish being made of a differential gloss finish coating material that has a gloss different from that of the toner image. The differential gloss finish coating material is preferably an emulsion aggregation toner that is substantially free of pigments that adversely affect the transparency of the toner following fusing, the toner having gloss tunability through control of the amount of crosslinked portions included in the toner.

Method of applying spot varnish to xerographic image and emulsion aggregation toners for use therein

A toner includes particles of a resin, an optional colorant, a first crystalline polymeric wax and a second crystalline polymeric wax, where the first crystalline polymeric wax is a crystalline polyethlene wax, the second crystalline polymeric wax is selected from aliphatic polar amide functionalized waxes, carboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene waxes, aliphatic waxes consisting of esters of hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids, high acid waxes, and mixtures thereof, and the toner particles are prepared by an emulsion aggregation process.

A toner including particles of a resin, an optional colorant, and a crystalline wax, where the crystalline wax is selected from aliphatic polar amide functionalized waxes, carboxylic acid-terminated polyethylene waxes, aliphatic waxes consisting of esters of hydroxylated unsaturated fatty acids, high acid waxes, and mixtures thereof, is prepared by an emulsion aggregation process.

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Oakville, Canada

David J Sanders