Earth Science Laboratories

David Hammond

David A Nicholas

Reid Henry Bowman

Freddie L Singleton

John A Hatten, Jr

Nam Tran

Jeffrey Alan Keiser

Fred Singleton

Described herein are methods of applying metals to substrates, where the methods include contacting the substrate with an aqueous metal plating composition comprising polyammonium bisulfate ('PABS') and a dissolved metal or salt thereof. The methods allow application of metals to the substrate without need for electrical energy input or for an added chemical catalyst, chelating agent, complexing agent, reducing agent, stabilizer, or pH-modifying (or controlling) chemical compound.

Method to coat metals onto surfaces

A water treatment solution may include a metal salt and a base product fluid. The base product fluid may include a molecular compound that is a chelating compound. The molecular compound may have the formula: ((NH)SO).(HSO).(HO).(NHHSO). In the formula, a may be between 1 and 5, b may be between 1 and 5, c may be between 1 and 5, and x may be between 1 and 10. The water treatment solution may be formed by adding the metal salt to the base product fluid and water. The water treatment solution may be added to water in need of treatment. The water in need of treatment may be a static body of water.

Water treatment solution with chelating base product

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Berkeley, CA, United States of America

David Hammond