Novariant, Inc.

The Boeing Company

Satelles, Inc.

Integrinautics Corporation

Other

Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc.

Leland Stanford Junior University

David G Lawrence

Michael Lee O'Connor

Gregory M Gutt

David Arthur Whelan

Paul Y Montgomery

Kurt R Zimmerman

Clark Emerson Cohen

H Stewart Cobb

Gregory Gutt

Arun Ayyagari

Per Kristian Enge

Michael Eglington

Bradford W Parkinson

Trevor Landon

Michael L O'connor

Henry Stewart Cobb

Tim Flynn

Masayoshi Matsuoka

John David Powell

Boris S Pervan

Rachel Schmalzried

Henry S Cobb

Walter Melton

Miro Samek

Stewart Cobb

Walter C Melton

Matthew Rabinowitz

Josef Vincent Koblish

Isaac J Kim

Frank W Ingle

Robert F Bencini

James Mazzone

Byron Chun

Glen Alan Sapilewski

Rebecca Tin

Lars G Leckie

Rachel Rané Schmalzried

Rachel Rane′ Schmalzried

Michael L Eglington

Santiago Alban

Eliza Lawrence

Mark Pedersen

Pete Johnson

Jerry Goetsch

Dan Higgins

Mark Hargrove

Francois Tremblay

Maynard Porter

Avi Gross

Matthew J Rossow

Rachel Rane' Schmalzried

Micahel L O'CONNOR

Rachel R Schmalzried

Micahel L Eglington

For validation of wireless signals, a wireless receiver receives a validation signal that includes information from a target signal. By using digital signature, message authentication code (MAC), and/or hashing, the validation signal is verified to be from a trusted source. By comparing the information from the verified validation signal with the target signal, the target signal is confirmed to be genuine or not a spoofing signal. In one approach, the validation signal is provided from a different transmission source than the target signal. In another approach, modulation estimation rather than known modulation is used as the information for the validation signal for comparison with the target signal despite not knowing the spread pattern of the coding. In yet another approach, a one-way function is used to generate a pseudorandom code to spread a first component of the a first signal below the noise floor. The input to the one-way function is a second component sent at a time later than the time.

Wireless signal validation using a one-way function and an initially unknown input

Aspects of the disclosure relate to a method for determining a location of a first device. The method comprises receiving, by the first device, at least one first signal from at least one second device. The method further comprises determining, by the first device, estimated first signal properties of at least one first signal. Also, the method comprises generating, by the first device, at least one second signal based on at least a portion of the estimated first signal properties. Further, the method comprises transmitting, by the first device, at least one second signal to at least one third device. In one or more embodiments, estimated second signal properties of at least one second signal are determined by at least one third device. In at least one embodiment, the location of the first device is determined by utilizing at least a portion of the estimated second signal properties.

Low cost, size, weight, and power (CSWAP) geolocation capability utilizing signal characteristics passed through to backhaul network

For global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-independent operation of auxiliary PNT systems, one or more ground stations of the auxiliary system have access to a non-GNSS source of precision timing. That source and known locations of the ground stations may be used to derive timing corrections to account for imperfect clocks in the satellites for non-purpose-built satellite systems being used for PNT. Crosslinks between satellites and/or propagation of timing correction through other ground stations are used to better control the timing and resulting precession of PNT in the PNT auxiliary system. The timing correction may be provided as a service to end users, other constellations, and/or other satellite operators.

Satellite-based source of positioning system-independent position navigation and time

Wireless signal validation using an independent wireless data link

For validation of position, navigation, time (PNT) signals, a hash included in messages with PNT data is used to validate the source of the message without backhaul. Different tags from a hash chain are included in different messages. The receiver is pre-loaded with the root or later trusted hash tag of the chain as created. The hash of any received message may be hashed by the receiver. The result of the hashing will match the pre-loaded or trusted hash tag if the transmitter of the message is a valid source. The PNT data may be validated using a digital signature formed from the PNT data for one or more messages and the hash tag wherein a hash tag of the chain in a subsequently received message is used as the key. The digital signature may be formed from data across multiple messages.

Validation of position, navigation, time signals

A system and methods for location authentication are presented. An estimated server signal is estimated based on a generated known code signal, and a client received satellite signal is received from a client device. The client received satellite signal is compared to the estimated server signal to provide a comparison result.

Server algorithms to improve space based authentication

A method and system are disclosed for providing an estimate of a location of a user receiver device. The method involves emitting, from at least one vehicle, at least one spot beam on Earth; and receiving, with the user receiver device, at least one spot beam. The method further involves calculating, with the user receiver device, the estimate of the location of the user receiver device according to the user receiver device's location within at least one spot beam. Each spot beam contains at least one acquisition signal, which may comprise at least one ring channel. Each ring channel comprises a frame count; a space vehicle identification (SVID); a spot beam identification (ID); and/or X, Y, Z coordinates of the vehicle emitting the spot beam relative to an Earth coordinate system. In one or more embodiments, at least one vehicle may be a satellite and/or a pseudolite.

Geolocation using acquisition signals

In some implementations, a method of ablating body tissue includes (a) locating an inflatable balloon portion of a cryotherapy balloon catheter at a treatment site internal to a patient's body, and inflating the inflatable balloon portion; (b) employing electrodes that are disposed on an expandable surface of the inflatable balloon portion to electrically characterize body tissue at the treatment site; (c) ablating the body tissue by supplying a cryotherapy agent to the inflatable balloon portion to cool the body tissue to a therapeutic temperature; (d) employing the electrodes to determine whether the ablating caused desired electrical changes in the body tissue; and (e) repeating (c) and (d) when it is determined that the ablating did not cause the desired electrical changes.

Balloon catheter with flexible electrode assemblies

A system and methods for resolving integer cycle ambiguity in medium wave carrier radio signals are presented. A satellite signal is received at a receiving location and a measured code phase of the satellite signal is measured. A satellite location estimate of the receiving location is computed based on the measured code phase. Medium wave radio carrier signals from medium wave radio transmitters are received at the receiving location. A number of wavelengths of the medium wave radio carrier signals from the satellite location estimate to each of the medium wave radio transmitters is determined respectively. A carrier phase of each of the medium wave radio carrier signals is measured. An improved position estimate of the receiving location is computed based on the number of wavelengths and the carrier phase of each of the medium wave radio carrier signals, and a location of each of the medium wave radio transmitters.

Satellite-based integer cycle ambiguity resolution of local medium wave radio signals

Medical devices and methods for using medical devices are disclosed. An example medical device may include an open-irrigated ablation catheter. The open-irrigated ablation catheter may include a catheter body, an electrode tip body with irrigation ports at a distal end, and a coolant conduit. The distal end of the coolant conduit may extend into a proximal portion of the electrode tip body. Fluid flow from the coolant conduit may be diverted proximally and/or towards the wall of the electrode tip body by one or more openings proximal of a closed distal end of the conduit or by a structure blocking and diverting flow from an open distal end of the conduit.

Open irrigated ablation catheter

A system, method, and apparatus for secure routing based on a degree of trust are disclosed herein. The disclosed method involves assigning a level of trust to at least one network node, and utilizing the level of trust to determine a degree of security of the network node(s). The level of trust of the network node(s) is related to an amount of certainty of the physical location of the network node(s). The amount of certainty is attained from the network node(s) being located in a known secure location, and/or from verification of the physical location of the network node(s) by using satellite geolocation techniques or by using network ping ranging measurements. The method further involves utilizing the level of trust of the network node(s) to determine a degree of trust of at least one path for routing the data, where the path(s) includes at least one of the network nodes.

Secure routing based on degree of trust

A system, method, and apparatus for secure routing based on the physical location of routers are disclosed herein. The disclosed method for secure data transmission of at least one data packet through a plurality of network nodes involves defining a source network node, a destination network node, and at least one security constraint, which is based on the physical location of at least one of the network nodes. The method further involves comparing available network nodes with the security constraint(s) to determine which of the available network nodes meet the security constraint(s) and, thus, are qualified network nodes. Additionally, the method involves determining a route comprising at least one of the qualified network nodes to route the data packet(s) through from the source network node to the destination network node. Further, the method involves transmitting the data packet(s) through the route of the qualified network node(s).

Secure routing based on the physical locations of routers

A system and methods for time and/or location authentication are presented. A hash value is received from a client device and a hash value receiving time of the received hash value is stored. A data block is received after receiving the hash value is received, the received data block comprising alleged transmission signal data. A computed hash value of the received data block is computed, and an estimated transmission signal client receiving time by the client is calculated based on the alleged transmission signal data. A timely possession of the received data block by the client device is authenticated based on a comparison of the computed hash value to the received hash value and a comparison of the hash value receiving time to the estimated transmission signal client receiving time.

System and method for improved geothentication based on a hash function

Growing community of inventors

Mountain View, CA, United States of America

David G Lawrence