Ford Global Technolgoies, LLC

David Bilby

Nathan Kempema

Reinoud Felix Wolffenbuttel

Gopichandra Surnilla

Michiel Jacques Van Nieuwstadt

Richard E Soltis

Robert F Novak

Jacobus Hendrik Visser

David John Kubinski

Michael Hopka

William Goodwin

Hao Zhang

Evangelos P Skoures

A system, such as an electrified vehicle, includes a battery, such as a traction battery. The controller controls the battery based on adaptive sampled electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements of the battery. The controller may perform the adaptive sampled EIS measurements. The controller may use the adaptive sampled EIS measurements to identify values of parameters of a model, such as an equivalent circuit model (ECM), of the battery. The controller may use the model, with the identified values of the parameters, to detect an internal state of the battery whereby the controller detects the internal state of the battery based on the adaptive sampled EIS measurements.

Traction battery controller operable to control battery based on adaptive sampled electrochemical impedance spectroscopy battery measurements

A traction battery controller of an electrified vehicle controls the traction battery based in part on a value of a non-linear circuit element of a model of the traction battery in which the value of the non-linear circuit element is estimated in part on distribution of relaxation time (DRT) information of measured impedance data of the traction battery.

Traction battery controller operable to detect battery internal state using battery model based on comprehensive distribution of relaxation times information

An automotive exhaust gas sensor includes a gas chamber, an ultraviolet light source configured to emit ultraviolet light into the gas chamber and to photolyze an exhaust gas sample in the gas chamber, and an electrochemical detector disposed in the gas chamber and configured to detect a specified chemical in the photolyzed exhaust gas sample.

Electrochemical exhaust gas sensor with photolysis

Methods and systems are provided for a particulate matter sensor. In one example, the particulate matter sensor may include a light source, a waveguide aligned with the light source to receive incident light from the light source, and a photodetector positioned to receive light the incident light from the waveguide. The incident light may be reflected off a reflective surface of the waveguide more than one time to generate a plurality of evanescent waves. The plurality of evanescent waves may interact with particulate matter in exhaust gas, causing the incident light to be attenuated.

Method and systems for optically sensing particulate matter

A method for spectroscopically detecting a chemical in a gas sample includes illuminating the gas sample with ultraviolet light and photolyzing a first chemical in the gas sample to generate a photolyzed gas sample and spectroscopically detecting a second chemical in the photolyzed gas sample. The second chemical has an optical absorption range within a respective optical absorption range of the first chemical.

Automotive exhaust ultraviolet spectroscopy

Methods and systems are provided for an oxygen sensor heater. In one example, a method may include applying a less than maximum duty cycle of voltage to the oxygen sensor heater during an engine cold start (e.g., when a temperature of the oxygen sensor is less than its light-off temperature) and adjusting the applied duty cycle of voltage to maintain a constant amount of power. In this way, the oxygen sensor may be heated at a constant rate even as a resistance of the oxygen sensor heater increases, decreasing an amount of time before the oxygen sensor reaches its light-off temperature.

Systems and methods for reducing a light-off time of an oxygen sensor

Particulate matter (PM) sensors and diagnostics performed using the PM sensors are disclosed. The PM sensors and diagnostics may be used in exhaust systems, such as vehicle exhaust systems, to detect soot. In at least one embodiment, an electrostatic particulate matter (PM) sensor is provided including first and second spaced apart electrodes forming a bulk gap therebetween having a bulk distance and a localized gap therebetween having a localized distance less than the bulk distance. A controller may be configured to control a voltage between the electrodes to induce an electrostatic discharge at the localized gap at a lower voltage than at the bulk gap. Various diagnostics may be performed using the disclosed PM sensors, including a wiring/continuity diagnostic, a soot detection plausibility diagnostic, and/or an installation diagnostic.

Electrostatic PM sensor electrode diagnostics

Methods and systems are provided for sensing particulate matter by a particulate matter sensor positioned downstream of a diesel particulate filter in an exhaust system. In one example, a method may include accumulating incoming particulate matter by applying a higher bias to a first trap of the particulate matter sensor, and further charging the particulate matter and forming highly charged dendrites. The method further includes capturing the dendrites exiting the first trap by applying a lower bias to a second trap also housed within the same particulate matter sensor, thereby reducing the effects of exhaust flow rate on the particulate matter sensor and further increasing the sensitivity of the particulate matter sensor.

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Auburn Hills, MI, United States of America

David Bilby