Other

Nalco/exxon Energy Chemicals,l.p.

Exxon Research and Engineering Company

David B Acker

Cruise K Jones

Steven Walter Wilson

James Hobensack

Warren A Thaler

John C Newlove

Dennis A Williams

Vijay Swarup

Fati Malekahmadi

Robert Dean Lundberg

An injection gate () for high pressure, high velocity secondary fluid for admixture of an atomized spray () thereof with another or primary fluid that atomizes the other fluid. The secondary fluid may be an accelerant and the primary fluid may be a low pressure fuel/air mixture in a fuel injection arrangement for an internal combustion engine. An injection billet () for an engine is interposed between the carburetor () and the manifold (), with an array of such injection gates () paired with an array of fuel/air gates () about an aperture coinciding with a throttle bore () and evenly balancing the spray about the throttle bore, creating a halo effect of atomized admixture of accelerant/fuel. The injection of accelerant is directed sharply downwardly toward the center of the bore and through the injected fuel stream, atomizing the fuel thereof for a high efficiency boost of horsepower.

Apparatus for spray injection of liquid or gas

Granules composed of a particulate breaker chemical dispersed in a wax matrix are used in fracturing operations to break hydrocarbon liquids gelled with salts of alkyl phosphate esters. The wax granules are solid at surface temperature and melt or disperse in the hydrocarbon liquid at formation temperature releasing the breaker chemical to react with gelling agent.

Delayed release breakers in gelled hydrocarbons

An oil based drilling mud is viscosified with a maleated ethylene-propylene elastomers. The elastomers are preferably EPM copolymers or EPDM terpolymers. The concentration of the maleic anhydride grafted to the copolymer or terpolymer backbone ranges from 0.01 to 5 wt %, preferably 0.1 to 2.0 wt %. The maleated elastomers are far more effective oil mud viscosifiers than the organophilic clays presently used.

Viscosifying hydrocarbon liquids

The present invention is based on the discovery that viscosification agents selected from sulfonated and neutralized sulfonated ionomers can be readily incorporated into oil-based drilling muds in the form of an oil soluble concentrate containing the polymer. Thus, one embodiment of the present invention provides an additive concentrate for oil-based drilling muds comprising a drilling oil, especially a low toxicity oil, and from about 5 gm to about 20 gm of sulfonated or neutralized sulfonated polymer per 100 gm of oil. Indeed, oil solutions obtained from the sulfonated and neutralized sulfonated polymers used as viscosification agents are readily incorporated into drilling mud formulations.

Drilling mud additives and in adding viscosification additives to

EPDM elastomer is sulfonated and neutralized by a bulk process involving mechanical mixing at low temperatures in the sulfonating and neutralizing steps. The EPDM is discharged from the mixing process as finely divided particles having a low bulk density.

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Woodlands, TX, United States of America

David B Acker