Mazor Robotics Ltd.

Medtronic Navigation, Inc.

Dany Junio

Aviv Ellman

Elad Ratzabi

Eliyahu Zehavi

Katherine M Puckett

Joseph Moctezuma

Eli Zehavi

Victor D Snyder

Yonatan Ushpizin

Matthew F Dicorleto

Leonid Kleyman

David E Macht

Katharine E Darling

Jeremiah R Beers

Timothy M Conkin

Dana Gazit-Ankori

Moshe Shoham

Ido Zucker

Nimrod Dori

Yair Schwartz

Gillan M Grimberg

Mark Christopher Dace

Adam Glaser

Yvan Paitel

Ziv Seemann

Adi Sandelson

Dor Kopito

Amir Keret

Nicholas J Rawluk

Nir Ofer

Kornelis Poelstra

Gal Eshed

Yizhaq Shmayahu

Yuval Chen

Maor Sviri

Systems and methods for tracking a pose of a target and/or tracking the target is provided. A first robotic arm may be configured to orient a first imaging device and a second robotic arm may be configured to orient a second imaging device. The first robotic arm and the second robotic arm may operate in a shared or common coordinate space. A first image may be received from the first imaging device and a second image may be received from the second imaging device. The first image and the second image may depict at least one target. A pose of the at least one target may be determined in the coordinate space based on the first image, a corresponding first pose, the second image, and a corresponding second pose.

Multi-arm robotic systems and methods for identifying a target

A robotic navigation system includes a robot base (); a robotic arm () comprising a proximal portion secured to the robot base, a distal portion movable relative to the proximal portion, and a tracking marker () secured to the robotic arm proximate the distal portion; at least one processor; a navigation system including a tracking marker sensor configured to identify positions of the tracking marker in a first coordinate space; and a memory. The memory stores instructions that cause the at least one processor to: cause the robotic arm () to move to a plurality of different poses; receive information relating to a position of the tracking marker () in a second coordinate space when the robotic arm is in each of the plurality of different poses; and compare the positions of the tracking marker in the first coordinate space to the positions of the tracking marker in the second coordinate space.

Time-spaced robotic reference frames

A robotic navigation system includes a robot base; a robotic arm with a proximal end secured to the robot base, a distal end movable relative to the proximal end, and one or more arm segments between the proximal end and the distal end; a base set of tracking markers secured to the robot base; and at least one additional set of tracking markers secured to the robotic arm.

Split robotic reference frame for navigation

A method including receiving information about a pose of each of a plurality of fiducials positioned on or within a patient; causing an imaging device to generate a single image of a portion of the patient, the single image depicting at least a portion of each of the plurality of fiducials; determining, based on the information and the single image, a pose of one or more anatomical elements represented in the single image; and comparing the determined pose of the one or more anatomical elements to a predetermined pose of the one or more anatomical elements.

Systems and methods for single image registration update

Systems, methods, and devices for defining a path for a robotic arm are provided. One or more no-fly zones may be generated. The one or more no-fly zones correspond to a section of a work volume defined as inaccessible to a robotic arm and the work volume is defined as accessible to the robotic arm. A pose of an object may be determined and an obstacles map based on the determined pose and known dimensions of the object may be generated. A path for the robotic arm may be defined that avoids collision with the object identified in the obstacles map and avoiding the one or more no-fly zones.

Systems, methods, and devices for defining a path for a robotic arm

Systems, methods, and devices for planning a path are provided. A work volume and one or more no-fly zones may be mapped. The work volume may define a volume in which a robot may access and each of the one or more no-fly zones may define at least one volume in which a robot is restricted from accessing. Information may be received about a position of at least one instrument and a void volume may be calculated based on the position of the at least one instrument. The work volume may be updated to include the void volume to yield an updated work volume. A path may be calculated for a robotic arm of a robot from outside a patient anatomy to within the patient anatomy that is within the updated work volume and avoids the one or more no-fly zones.

Path planning based on work volume mapping

A method of aligning an imaging device in connection with robotic surgery includes causing a robot to position a reference target over a body of a patient; receiving image data from an imaging device; identifying, with an image processing algorithm, at least a first portion of an anatomical element in the image data; identifying, with a target detection algorithm, at least a first portion of a reference target in the image data; comparing a determined location of the imaging device, the reference target, and the anatomical element to yield a location determination and causing at least one of the robot to re-position the reference target or the imaging device to re-position.

System and method for aligning an imaging device

A method according to embodiments of the present disclosure includes receiving a computed tomography (CT) image of a patient; segmenting a first set of anatomical elements from the CT image; receiving a plurality of fluoroscopy images of the patient; segmenting a second set of anatomical elements from the plurality of fluoroscopy images; and creating a registration between the CT image and the plurality of fluoroscopy images based on the segmented first set of anatomical elements and the segmented second set of anatomical elements.

Computed tomography to fluoroscopy registration using segmented inputs

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for a robotic arm guide used as a depth stop. For example, a system for positioning a surgical tool includes a surgical robotic system having a robot arm with a guide sleeve, the guide sleeve defining axial and lateral directions. The system is further configured to (i) receive a surgical plan associated with a subject, the surgical plan including three-dimensional preoperative data related to the subject, (ii) determine, based on the surgical plan, a desired trajectory of a distal end of the surgical tool as the surgical tool is inserted into the guide sleeve, and (iii) transmit one or more control signals to the surgical robotic system, causing the surgical robotic system to orient and position the guide sleeve such that the distal end of the surgical tool follows the desired trajectory when the surgical tool is inserted in the guide sleeve.

Robotic arm guide as a depth stop

A spinal stabilization system includes a plurality of anchors and at least one bridge. Each anchor includes a clamp configured to engage an anatomical element, the clamp movable between a fully open position and a fully closed position; a locking screw configured to selectively prevent the clamp from being moved into the fully open position; and a bridge interface. The at least one bridge is a rigid member having a first end and a second end opposite the first end, each of the first end and the second end having an anchor interface. The bridge interface is configured to receive the anchor interface.

Surgical fixation systems, methods, and devices

Systems and methods for generating multiple registrations is provided. An image depicting a portion of a patient's anatomy and a tracking device affixed to an accurate robot may be received. A first registration of a patient coordinate space to a robotic coordinate space may be generated based on the image. A second registration of the patient coordinate space to a navigation coordinate space based at least in part on a position of second markers on the tracking device detected by a navigation system may be generated. The first registration and the second registration may be independent of each other.

Systems and methods for generating multiple registrations

A system and method for generating a corrected image is provided. A plurality of poses for an imaging device may be calculated based on information about an object within a patient's anatomy. An image may be received from the imaging device at each pose of the plurality of poses to yield an image set. Each image may depict at least a portion of an anatomical element of the patient and an object. A set of saturated areas in which the object has caused saturated attenuation, and a set of unsaturated areas in which the object has not caused saturated attenuation may be identified in the images of the image set. A corrected image may be generated by combining data from the set of unsaturated areas, the corrected image depicting the anatomical feature with fewer than all of the saturated areas in the set of saturated areas.

Systems and methods for generating a corrected image

Methods and systems for providing a safety mechanism for a robotically controlled surgical tool. Embodiments of the methods use sensors to detect parameters that vary by the tissue traversed by a surgical tool. The sensors detect signals arising from the interaction of the surgical tool with the tissue and provide this information to a robotic controller. For example, during drilling, the sensors may measure power, vibration, sound frequency, mechanical load, electrical impedance, and distance traversed according to preoperative measurements on a three-dimensional image set used for planning the tool trajectory. By comparing the detected output with that expected for the tool position based on the planned trajectory, identified discrepancies in output would indicate that the tool has veered from the planned trajectory. The robotic controller may then alter the tool trajectory, change the speed of the tool, or discontinue power to the tool, thereby preventing damage to underlying tissue.

Safety mechanism for robotic bone cutting

A method for robot-assisted minimally invasive surgery involves calculating, based on a surgical plan, an insertion vector for an MIS port; causing a robotic arm to hold the MIS port in a pose that corresponds to the insertion vector; detecting, with a sensor on the robotic arm, a force applied to the robotic arm via the MIS port; maintaining the MIS port in the pose when the detected force is lower than a predetermined threshold; and generating an alert when the detected force exceeds the predetermined threshold.

Systems and methods for surgical port positioning

Disclosed is a system for assisting in guiding and performing a procedure on a subject. The subject may be any appropriate subject such as inanimate object and/or an animate object. The guide and system may include various manipulable or movable members, such as robotic systems, and may be registered to selected coordinate systems.

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Tel Aviv, Israel

Dany Junio