Shell Oil Comapny

Danny Y Ngan

Leonard B Graiff

Zaida Diaz

Weston W Haskell

David M Austgen, Jr

Randy Carl John

Greg E Webster

Benton E Visser

Peter B Van Benthuysen

In a first embodiment of the invention, a method for determining the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of a liquid hydrocarbon fraction is presented. A sample of the liquid fraction is subjected to an ultra-violet absorption analysis. The results of the analysis correlate directly to the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the hydrocarbon fraction and, with a knowledge of this correlation, the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the sample under analysis may be determined. Another embodiment provides a method for monitoring the performance of a process for the preparation of olefins by the thermal cracking of a hydrocarbon feedstock. A liquid fraction is recovered from the product of the thermal cracking and subjected to an ultra-violet absorption analysis. The result of the analysis correlates directly to the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio of the product, which in turn correlates to the cracking severity being applied in the thermal cracking process. Thus, the analytical result may by employed in a system to control the thermal cracking process. Further, when the result of the analysis is corrected for the nature of the hydrocarbon feedstock and the yield of the liquid fraction, the result correlates directly to the rate of formation of quench exchanger coke in the thermal cracking process. The corrected result may thus be used to monitor and control the coking rate.

Method for determining the hydrogen-to-carbon ratio in a liquid

The present invention is a process for reducing the smoke emissions from a jet fuel engine by combusting a jet fuel range hydrocarbon in a jet engine wherein prior to combusting the jet fuel in the engine the jet fuel is treated by the following process: (a) contacting the jet fuel with at least one adsorbent in at least one adsorbent bed under suitable process conditions such that the smoke point of the jet fuel is increased and (b) recovering the jet fuel.

Reduction of jet engine smoke emissions by contacting jet fuel with a

This invention is a method for reducing the particulate emissions tendency of diesel fuel. Also the piston ring sticking, and deposit formation tendency of diesel fuel on the injector and combustion chamber of an internal combustion diesel fuel are reduced. The diesel fuel under the method of this invention is fed to at least one adsorbent bed in which the diesel fuel is contacted with one or more adsorbents under suitable process conditions such that there is a reduction in content of impurities in the fuel which cause the particulate emission causing tendency, piston ring sticking, and deposit formation tendency of the diesel fuel on the injector and/or combustion chamber.

Reduction of diesel engine particulate emissions by contacting diesel

A process for heat treatment of high temperature steels in which the steels are heated to temperatures of at least 1800.degree. F. in the presence of hydrogen gas, methane, hydrogen sulfide, and steam. Articles made by the process have a unique layer enriched in chromium oxide, and reactor components made from the treated steel may be used in a process for the pyrolysis of liquid and gaseous hydrocarbons to inhibit coking.

Process and article

A process is disclosed for reforming a hydrocarbon in a multi-stage endothermic reforming series of reforming reactors where the hydrocarbon is passed through a series of reforming reactors to form a reformate with substantial reduction in polynuclear aromatic compounds. An adsorption zone comprising an adsorbent selective for adsorption of polynuclear aromatics is situated intermediate the series of reactors. The adsorbent is followed by an intermediate heating means to insure that the temperature of the hydrocarbon product entering the next reforming stage is at a temperature sufficient that the hydrocarbon product will have a temperature of at least 750.degree. F. when egressing from the next respective reforming zone. The contemplated reforming feeds are C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 naphthas having a boiling point of 100.degree. F. to 400.degree. F. while the ultimate reformate is used as a blending agent for gasolines to increase the octane value of the respective gasoline.

Process for removal of polynuclear aromatics from a hydrocarbon in an

A process is disclosed for deactivating or removing aromatic compounds from a kerosene or gas oil, which aromatics are coke precursors in a steam cracking process (conducted in the absence of a catalyst) to convert the hydrocarbons contained in the kerosene or gas oil to hydrocarbons of smaller molecules. The excising occurs by contacting the kerosene or gas oil, before admission to the steam cracking zone, with particulate size activated carbon of 4 mesh to 50 mesh size and physically removing the activated carbon (with at least a portion of the aromatic content of the coke derived from the kerosene or gas oil absorbed thereon) from the slurry before passage of the kerosene or gas oil to the steam cracking furnace. The separation of the activated carbon from the kerosene or gas oil is made in a physical separation zone whereby a wall having aperatures therein, similar to a filter or screen, is sized to permit passage of the kerosene or gas oil through the aperatures with a decreased amount of aromatics and yet prohibit the passage of the fine, particulate activated carbon having polynuclear aromatics absorbed through the aperatures thereon.

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Houston, TX, United States of America

Danny Y Ngan