Fuji Xerox Co., Ltd.

Daisuke Haruyama

Masahiro Iwasaki

Hiroshi Tamemasa

Kenta Shingu

Akira Sato

Jiro Korenaga

Masaaki Takahashi

Hirofumi Nakamura

Takayuki Yamashita

Sakon Takahashi

Kunihiko Sato

Koji Nishimura

Masahiko Miyamoto

Kazuhiko Arai

Nobumasa Furuya

Yukimi Kawabata

Shinya Yamamoto

Yuko Yamano

Hiroaki Ogawa

Yasuhiro Oda

Akihiko Nakamura

Kazuyuki Nakamura

Akihiro Iizuka

Masayuki Nishikawa

Keisuke Kusano

Motoko Sakai

Shigeto Hashiba

Masaru Agatsuma

Mitsuhide Nakamura

Yoshifumi Shoji

Keiko Matsuki

Shinichi Kawamata

Tetsuya Ezumi

Takanori Suga

Hirokazu Sakashita

Shiori Okuda

Shingo Hirahara

A method for producing a metal cylinder includes preparing a metal slug having a surface adjusted so that the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 &#x3bc;m from the surface is smaller than that at a depth of 100 &#x3bc;m from the surface, and the crystal grain diameter at a depth of 10 &#x3bc;m from the surface is 30 &#x3bc;m or more and 120 &#x3bc;m or less; and forming a cylinder by impact pressing of the metal slug having the surface as a bottom.

Method for producing metal cylinder, method for producing substrate for electrophotographic photoreceptor, method for manufacturing electrophotographic photoreceptor, and metal slug for impact pressing

A method of preparing a cylindrical metal member includes preparing a metallic ingot having at least one surface having a mean width with respect to roughness Sm in a range of from 100 &#x3bc;m to 220 &#x3bc;m; imparting a lubricant to the at least one surface of the metallic ingot; and subjecting the metallic ingot to impact pressing while the surface coated with the lubricant with respect to the metallic ingot is set as a bottom surface, to thereby mold a cylindrical metal member.

Method of preparing cylindrical metal member, metallic ingot for impact pressing, and method of preparing electrophotographic photoreceptor

A metallic ingot for impact pressing includes a contact surface of the metallic ingot to contact a male mold in impact pressing having a maximum height roughness Rz of 20 &#x3bc;m to 50 &#x3bc;m and an average length of a roughness curve element RSm of 150 &#x3bc;m to 400 &#x3bc;m, the male mold being to be used in combination with a female mold in the impact pressing.

Metallic ingot for impact pressing, cylindrical metal member, and electrophotographic photoreceptor

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive support in which (i) a recessed portion having an opening diameter of greater than 400 &#x3bc;m and (ii) a recessed portion having an opening diameter of from 100 &#x3bc;m to 400 &#x3bc;m and a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of greater than 0.12 are not present on an outer peripheral surface, wherein even in a case where a first recessed portion having an opening diameter of from 100 &#x3bc;m to 400 &#x3bc;m and a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of 0.12 or less is present on the outer peripheral surface of the conductive support and a second recessed portion on which the first recessed portion is reflected is present on the outer peripheral surface of an outermost layer, a ratio of a depth to an opening diameter of the second recessed portion is not greater than 0.030.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

A conductive support is formed of a bottomless hollow cylindrical member being made of metal and having a thickness t of equal to or less than 0.5 mm, the conductive support including: a chamfer portion on an outer peripheral surface side of at least one end of the conductive support over an entire circumferential direction, wherein the chamfer portion has a chamfer angle a of equal to or greater than 10&#xb0; and less than 30&#xb0; with respect to the outer peripheral surface, and a chamfer width b equal to or greater than 0.05 mm in an end surface, and wherein an end surface width c is equal to or greater than 0.1 mm in the end surface including the chamfer portion.

Conductive support, electrophotographic photoreceptor, and process cartridge

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate satisfying a condition (A); an undercoat layer satisfying conditions (B) and (C), disposed on the conductive substrate, and containing metal oxide particles; and a photosensitive layer disposed on the undercoat layer: condition (A): in the case where depressions existing in the surface of the conductive substrate are observed with a laser microscope, the width of the largest depression is 400 &#x3bc;m or less, and the depth of the depression is 15 &#x3bc;m or less; condition (B): in the case where the undercoat layer is subjected to a Cole-Cole plot analysis, an angular frequency &#x3c9;max at which a complex impedance component is maximum is from 2.0 rad to 25.0 rad; and condition (C): volume resistivity obtained from the Cole-Cole plot analysis of the undercoat layer is from 7.0&#xd7;10&#x3a9; to 1.0&#xd7;10&#x3a9;.

A conductive support for an electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a cylindrical member containing aluminum, wherein the cylindrical member has an arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 1.3 &#x3bc;m or less, a maximum height of roughness profile Rz of 5.0 &#x3bc;m or less, and a mean width of roughness profile elements RSm in an axial direction of 80 &#x3bc;m to 400 &#x3bc;m.

Conductive support for electrophotographic photoreceptor, electrophotographic photoreceptor, and process cartridge

Provided is an electron transport material represented by formula (1): wherein X represents an oxygen atom or &#x2550;C(CN); R, R, R, R, R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group; R, R, and Reach independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, &#x2014;R&#x2014;O&#x2014;R, or &#x2014;R&#x2014;CO&#x2014;O&#x2014;R; Rrepresents a linear or branched alkylene group; Rrepresents a linear or branched alkyl group; Rrepresents a single bond or a linear or branched alkylene group; and Rrepresents a linear or branched alkyl group, an aryl group, or an aralkyl group, provided that at least two or more groups of R, R, and Rrepresent a group other than a hydrogen atom.

Electron transport material, electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus

An electrostatic image developer includes a toner containing an external additive having a volume-average particle size of about 80 to 400 nm and an average circularity of about 0.7 to 0.85. The developer is used in an image forming apparatus including an image-carrying member having a top surface layer containing fluorocarbon resin particles, and a developer-carrying member that faces the image-carrying member and carries an electrostatic image developer, in which a value obtained by dividing the amount of developer on the developer-carrying member [g/m] by a shortest distance between the image-carrying member and the developer-carrying member [&#x3bc;m] is about 0.8 to 1.8, and a peripheral velocity ratio of the developer-carrying member to the image-carrying member is about 1.5 to 5.0 or the developer-carrying member moves in a direction opposite to the image-carrying member in a facing portion.

Electrostatic image developer and image forming apparatus

A developer contains a toner having an external additive deposited thereon. The developer is used with an image-forming apparatus including an image carrier including a surface layer in which fluoropolymer resin particles are dispersed and a cleaning member disposed in contact with an outer surface of the image carrier. The external additive is a nonspherical external additive whose volume average particle size is smaller than the average particle size of exposed portions of the fluoropolymer resin particles in the surface layer of the image carrier.

Developer, image-forming apparatus, and method for forming image

An image forming apparatus includes an electrophotographic photoreceptor having a photosensitive layer, and a surface protective layer that contains fluororesin particles and a fluorinated alkyl group-containing copolymer; a charging unit that charges the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor; an electrostatic latent image forming unit that forms an electrostatic latent image; a developing unit that accommodates a developer, and develops the electrostatic latent image with the developer to form a toner image; a transfer unit that transfers the toner image to a recording medium; and a cleaning unit that removes the remained developer, wherein when the electrophotographic photoreceptor is rotated 50,000 times by repeating the formation of an image having image sections and non-image sections and having an image density of 7%, and then the surface of the electrophotographic photoreceptor is analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, the zinc coating ratio is in the range of from 50% to 100%.

Image forming apparatus

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer, and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer. The surface layer includes a cross-linked component which is a reaction product of compound A and compound B. The compound A is at least one compound selected from guanamine compounds and melamine compounds, and the compound B is a charge-transporting material. A structure derived from at least one compound selected from the guanamine compounds and the melamine compounds included in the surface layer amounts for 0.1% by weight to 5% by weight, and a structure derived from the charge-transporting material included in the surface layer amounts for 85% by weight or greater. Surface roughness Rz of the surface layer is from 0.1 &#x3bc;m to 0.3 &#x3bc;m, and the surface has at least one compound selected from fatty acid metal salt and fluorine resin particles.

Electrophotographic photoreceptor, process cartridge, image forming apparatus, and image forming method

An electrophotographic photoreceptor includes a conductive substrate, a photosensitive layer that is provided on the conductive substrate, and a surface layer that is provided on the photosensitive layer or is contained in the photosensitive layer, wherein the surface layer is formed of a cured film of a composition including a first reactive charge transport material having a hydroxyl group and a second reactive charge transport material having a methoxy group, and has an elastic deformation ratio R satisfying the following Expression (1):0.40&#x2266;&#x2266;0.51.

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Kanagawa, Japan

Daisuke Haruyama