Phillips 66 Company

Dachuan Shi

Zhenhua Mao

Christopher J LaFrancois

Nan Li

Corey W Tropf

Jonathan R Marda

Liang Zhang

Kan Huang

Alexander Z Wilbee

Paul M Schmidt

Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to methods for preparing carbon materials which can be used in battery electrodes. More specifically, embodiments relate to methods for preparing hard carbon materials used as anode materials in metal-ion batteries, such as a sodium-ion battery. In one or more embodiments, a method includes exposing a liquid refinery hydrocarbon product to a first functionalization agent containing sulfur to produce a first solid functionalized product containing sulfur during a first functionalization process. The method further includes purifying the first solid functionalized product during a purification process and exposing the first solid functionalized product to a second functionalization agent containing oxygen to produce a second solid functionalized product containing sulfur and oxygen during a second functionalization process. The method also includes carbonizing the second solid functionalized product to produce a hard carbon product during a carbonization process.

Methods for preparing hard carbon products by sulfurization and oxidation processes

The disclosure relates to a carbon-based electrode material that has been graphitized to hold ions in the electrode of a battery and more particularly include carbide or carbide and nitride surfaces that protect the graphite core. The preferred batteries include metal ion such as lithium ion batteries where the carbon-based electrode is the anode although the carbon-based electrode may also serve in dual ion batteries where both electrodes may comprise the graphitized carbon-based electrodes. The electrodes are more amorphous than conventional graphite electrodes and include a carbide or nitride containing surface treatment.

Electrode particles suitable for batteries

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Bartlesville, OK, United States of America

Dachuan Shi