Michigan State University

D J Osborn, Iii

Marcos Dantus

Gary J Blanchard

Sheryl Blanchard

Evan Blanchard

Elan Dantus

Gregory L Baker

Ruby N Ghosh

The disclosure relates to materials and articles that provide an irreversible history of compression forces and torques experienced by the materials and articles. The disclosure relates more particularly to an multiple impact level detection assembly as well as related articles and methods. The multiple impact level detection assembly provides distinct impact patterns depending on the impact force and direction (for torqueing motions) received by the detection assembly. The detection assembly can be incorporated into a variety of articles and used in a variety of settings, for example to monitor personal safety in a protective garment such as a helmet. The detection assembly incorporates an impact detection medium (e.g., a plurality of microcapsules with an indicator therein), which can serve as an irreversible means for detecting impact on the assembly via a relief substrate incorporated into the assembly.

Materials and apparatus with multiple impact level and torque detection

A light modifying ceramic composition comprises an oxygen permeable sol-gel matrix and a lumophore held on the matrix. In particular, the lumophore of the invention is a hexanuclear molybdenum/tungsten core having 12 anionic ligands and two ligands that are uncharged. Uncharged ligands include organic nitriles, organic phosphines, and organic arsines. In one embodiment, the ceramic composition containing the lumophore and the sol-gel matrix is applied to the end of an optical fiber to provide a remote oxygen sensor. The sensors are useful for in situ biological monitoring of oxygen either in vivo or in vitro, and in time dependent control of combustion processes such as an automobile or power plant.

Sol-gel encapsulated hexanuclear clusters for oxygen sensing by optical techniques

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Sa, Australia

D J Osborn, Iii