The Standard Oil Company

Isp Investments Inc.

Craig Timothy Miller

John Raymond Budge

Thomas G Attig

Benjamin W Close

Louis R Trott

Gregory A Norenberg

Robert P Hepfer

Robert Paul Hepfer

Robert Angelo Gustaferro

Stig-Axel Carlsson

In the process for the conversion of maleic acid to gamma-butyrolactone, 1.4-butanediol and/or tetrahydrofuran, a feedstream comprising maleic acid is hydrogenated in a first hydrogenation zone to produce a reaction product comprising succinic acid and unreacted hydrogen which is then supplied to a second hydrogenation zone, where succinic acid is converted to 1,4-butanediol, the temperatures of the feedstream comprising maleic acid and the first hydrogenation zone are controlled such that the temperature of maleic acid in the feedstream and the first hydrogenation zone does not exceed about 130&#xb0; C., thereby minimizing the corrosive effects of the maleic acid and prolonging reactor life and improving overall process economics.

Two-stage process for the hydrogenation of maleic acid to 1,4-butanediol

A sparger includes a conduit for conducting an oxygen feed, a nozzle connected to the conduit for passage of the oxygen feed from the conduit to the outside of the sparger, the nozzle including an orifice and a shroud, and insulation surrounding the conduit and also the shroud substantially the full length of the shroud. A method is provided for producing acrylonitrile via propane ammoxidation, comprising introducing propane and ammonia feeds into a fluid bed of a fluid bed reactor, and introducing an oxygen feed into the fluid bed through at least one insulated and jacketed sparger nozzle for reacting with at least one of the propane feed and ammonia feed in the presence of a fluid bed catalyst.

Sparger for oxygen injection into a fluid bed reactor

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Batavia, IL, United States of America

Craig Timothy Miller