Texaco Inc.

Other

Craig R Bartels

John Reale, Jr

Mordechai Pasternak

Vatsal M Shah

Masahiko Hirose

Tansukhlal G Dorawala

Hisao Hachisuka

Mark Wilf

Masaaki Andou

Keith Andes

David Tuohey

Terutaka Watanabe

Michael T Stephenson

In the treatment, a reverse osmosis membrane element having a polyamide skin layer is loaded in a pressure vessel in a membrane separator and contacted with a bromide-containing aqueous solution of free chlorine. The thus treated reverse osmosis membrane element retains for a long time its effect of reducing solute concentration in a solution treated with the reverse osmosis membrane and rejects efficiently non-electrolytic organic materials or substances such as boron that will not be dissociated in a neutral region. A reverse osmosis membrane module having the thus treated reverse osmosis membrane element is provided as well.

Method of treating reverse osmosis membrane element, and reverse osmosis membrane module

Apparatus for breaking or separating a liquid mixture or emulsion having two or more components. The apparatus includes a closed vessel having one or more sequentially connected filtering compartments holding a filtering element such as a membrane assembly capable of achieving a multi-stage pervaporation to separate out a vaporous component of the solution. The apparatus further includes a bypass facility which interconnects adjacent filtering compartments. To compensate for the loss of heat energy during the vaporization segments, the residual liquid solution is bypassed into a second vaporization phase, the bypass facility including heating means for maintaining the residual solution of a predetermined liquid temperature prior to its entering the second or subsequent filtering phase.

Pervaporation vessel

Concentration of aqueous solutions of isopropanol may be effected by a composite membrane including a dibromobutane cross-linked poly(4-vinyl pyridine) bonded to a porous layer of polyacrylonitrile on a polyester backing.

Membrane suitable for the dehydration of organic oxygenates

Concentration of solutions containing methanol and either dimethyl carbonate or methyl t-butyl ether may be effected by a composite membrane including a dibromobutane cross-linked poly(4-vinyl pyridine) bonded to a porous layer of polyacrylonitrile on a polyester backing.

Separation of organic oxygenates

Water-soluble organic electrolytes, such as anions of lower carboxylic acids in aqueous solution at low pH, are removed by raising the pH and subjecting the resultant charge liquid to nanofiltration.

Separation of water-soluble organic electrolytes

Water is separated from aqueous mixtures of organic oxygenates such as isopropanol by pervaporation through a non-porous separating membrane of a blend of polyvinyl alcohol and a polyacrylic acid mounted on a polysulfone porous support layer.

Separation of compositions containing water and organic oxygenates

Water is separated from an MEK toluene dewaxing solvent by pervaporation through a polyvinyl alcohol membrane (optionally containing polyacrylic acid) mounted on a polyacrylonitrile support layer.

Process for pervaporization using membrane separating means

Dehydration of organic oxygenates

Concentration of aqueous solutions of isopropanol may be effected by a composite membrane including a glutaraldehyde cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol bonded to a porous layer of polysulfone on a polyester backing.

A mixture of alcohol, such as methanol, and organic oxygenate, such as dimethyl carbonate, is treated to recover product of decreased methanol content by pervaporation across a composite membrane of a polyvinyl alcohol and a polyacrylic acid on a polyacrylonitrile support layer.

Membrane process for separation of organic liquids

Concentration of aqueous solutions of ethylene glycol may be effected by a composite membrane including a glutaraldehyde-crosslinked polyvinyl alcohol bonded to a porous layer of polysulfone on a polyester backing.

Dehydration of glycols

Water is separated from methyl isobutyl ketone by pervaporation across a polyvinyl alcohol membrane.

Concentration of water-ketone compositions

Aqueous compositions containing organic oxygenates such as methyl isobutyl ketone are treated by pervaporation through a polyvinyl alcohol/polyacrylic acid membrane to yield retentate containing increased concentration of oxygenate.

Treatment of compositions containing water and organic oxygenates

Mixtures containing methanol and dimethyl carbonate or methanol and methyl t-butyl ether may be treated by pervaporation to cover product containing decreased quantity of methanol.

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Wappingers Falls, NY, United States of America

Craig R Bartels