Michigan State University

Fraunhofer Usa, Inc.

Cory Rusinek

Michael Frank Becker

Thomas Schuelke

Wen Li

Robert Rechenberg

Mary K Ensch

Bin Fan

Yue Guo

An electrode apparatus for removing contaminants from a fluid is provided. In another aspect, an electrochemical destruction apparatus for wastewater effluent using Boron-doped diamond electrodes is employed. A further aspect of the present apparatus includes a fluid-carrying conduit, electrodes located within the conduit, an electrical controller connected to the electrodes, a sensor connected to the controller being adapted to sense a chemical characteristic associated with contaminants in the fluid, and the controller automatically varying an electrical characteristic associated with at least one of the electrodes based, at least in part, on an input from the sensor. Yet another aspect includes a programmable controller and software which automatically employ a feedback control loop to increase or decrease electrical current density to contaminant-removing electrodes.

Electrode apparatus for removing contaminants from a fluid

An electrode is provided. The electrode includes a contact pad composed of boron-doped polycrystalline diamond (BDD); a fiber core composed of BDD extending longitudinally from the contact pad from a first end that is in direct contact with the contact pad to an opposing second end; and a polycrystalline diamond (PCD) cladding that coats and hermetically seals the contact pad and the fiber core. A first portion of the contact pad and a second portion at or near the second end of the fiber core are not coated and hermetically scaled by the PCD cladding. A method of fabricating the electrode is also provided.

Implantable all diamond microelectrode and fabrication method

The disclosure relates to a method for pretreating a sample for metals determination. The method includes: providing an aqueous sample mixture comprising a sample containing or suspected of containing one or more metals for detection; contacting the aqueous sample mixture with a first electrode (anode) comprising electrically conducting boron-doped diamond (BDD); electrically contacting the aqueous sample mixture with a second electrode (cathode); applying an electrical potential between the first electrode and the second electrode (i) to provide an electrical current therebetween and through the aqueous sample mixture, (ii) to generate hydroxyl ion (OH) species at the first electrode, (iii) to oxidize and free the one or more metals for detection in the sample, thereby forming a pretreated aqueous sample comprising free metal ions in aqueous solution and corresponding to the one or more metals in the original sample; and withdrawing the pretreated aqueous sample comprising the free metal ions in aqueous solution. The pretreated aqueous sample can be analyzed for metal content using any desired conventional analysis technique.

Electrochemical methods for sample pretreatment for metals determination and related apparatus

An implantable device is provided. The implantable device includes a flexible polymeric substrate that extends through an aperture in an electrically conductive material to form an anchor that partially covers the electrically conductive material. Methods for fabricating the implantable device are also provided.

Growing community of inventors

Okemos, MI, United States of America

Cory Rusinek