Akzo Nobel N.v.

Colin Eric Bartel

Cornelis Johannes Govardus Van Strien

Boris Kuzmanovic

Michael Zeitler

Johanna Christina Speelman

Cornelis Johannes Van Strien

The present invention relates to a method to electroplate or electropolish a metal on a substrate wherein an ionic liquid is selected from the group of NRRRRXor NRRRRYis employed as electrolyte, and a metal salt added to the ionic liquid is employed as the metal source or a metal anode is used as the metal source, wherein any one of Rto Rindependently represents a hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, or aralkyl group that may be substituted with a group selected from OH, Cl, Br, F, I, phenyl, NH, CN, NO, COOR, CHO, COR, or OR, at least one of Rto Ris a fatty alkyl chain, and one or more of Rto Rcan be a (poly)oxyalkylene group wherein the alkylene is a Cto Calkylene and the total number of oxyalkylene units can be from 1 to 50 oxyalkylene units, and at least one of Rto Ris a Cto Calkyl chain, Ris an alkyl or cycloalkyl group, X&#x2212; is an anion having an N-acyl sulphonylimide anion (&#x2014;CO&#x2014;N&#x2014;SO&#x2014;) functionality, Yis an anion compatible with the NRRRRammonium cation, such as a halogenide anion, a carboxylate anion, a sulphate (both organic and inorganic sulphate), sulphonate, carbonate, nitrate, nitrite, thiocyanate, hydroxide, or sulphonylimide anion.

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Apeldoorn, Netherlands

Colin Eric Bartel