Kernforschungsanlage Julich Gesellschaft MIT Beschrankter Haftung

Kernforschungsanlage Julich

Other

Claus-Benedict Von Der Decken

Werner Frohling

Nicolaos Iniotakis

Nicolas Iniotakis

Rudolf Schulten

Rudolf Hecker

Georg Kalawrytinos

Heinrich Fedders

Friedrich Sernetz

Jochen Schoeller

Hans-Jurgen Hantke

Hermann Grossman

Walter Sturmer

The invention provides a process and an apparatus for effecting that process in which waste water to be cleaned is finely divided into a current of entrainment gas and evaporated. The water vapor formed is superheated, so that the impurities occur as a solid residue and can be collected. The heat of the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor is used to superheat the water vapor in the current of entrainment gas. An optimal separation between water and the substances contaminating it which cannot be evaporated is accomplished with a low expenditure of energy by introducing the water into a current of inert entrainment gas and by heating the mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor thereby formed, before the separation of the solid particles, in the heat exchange with the purified and compressed mixture of entrainment gas and water vapor by cooling it to below the saturation or dew point temperature.

Apparatus for waste water purification

The invention relates to an apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or euterium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes. The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

Process for separation of hydrogen and/or deuterium and tritium from an

A hydrogen permeation membrane in the form of a metal coating such as palium and alloys of palladium less than 100 microns in thickness supported by a fabric with a mesh width not exceeding 50 microns. A diffusion blocking material such as nickel and alloys of nickel may be provided. The metal coating may be in the range of about 10 to 30 microns, and the mesh width may be in the range of about 2 to 20 microns.

Hydrogen permeation membrane

A process for the incremental enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in a material which is suitable for the isotope exchange of deuterium and tritium with hydrogen, and an arrangement for the implementation of the process. The process and arrangement for the enrichment of deuterium and/or tritium in water which, in addition to a high transport speed for the molecules which participate in the isotope exchange, evidences a high enrichment factor for each enrichment stage and a high yield, so that at a relatively small number of stages and low energy consumption there is attainable an overall high degree of enrichment. For each enrichment stage, water containing deuterium and/or tritium is introduced into a carrier gas flow, reduced and set to a hydrogen (H.sub.2) partial pressure of maximally 100 mbar. Subsequent thereto, the carrier gas flow is conveyed along the primary side of an exchange wall which is suitable for the permeation of hydrogen, along the secondary side of which there flow a further carrier gas flow which contains a material adapted for the isotope exchange of deuterium and tritium with hydrogen in the gas phase thereof. The hydrogen isotopes deuterium and/or tritium which permeate through the exchange wall, after the isotope exchange, are bonded with the material in reaction product.

Process and arrangement for the incremental enrichment of deuterium

The invention relates to apparatus for the separation of hydrogen and/or terium and tritium from an inert gas flow which is contaminated with hydrogen and/or deuterium and/or tritium, wherein the inert gas which is to be purified is conducted along the primary side of an exchange wall for hydrogen isotopes. The secondary side of the exchange wall has applied thereto an agent which so chemically reacts with the permeating hydrogen isotopes that the hydrogen isotope or the hydrogen isotopes which are to be separated out of the inert gas flow which is to be purified, are bound in a reaction product which is transportable in a gas flow which is not capable of permeating through the exchange wall, and wherein along the secondary side of the exchange wall there is conducted a carrier gas flow which conveys off the reaction product.

A fine mesh screen is coated with at least one metal, by galvanic or chemical deposition. Metals of the platinum group are especially advantageous. The mesh width may be as small as 0.1 micron or less. Several screens may be arranged in a stack and used to clean waste gases.

Fine screen and fine screen stack, their use and process for the

Process for waste water purification

A process of manufacturing a hydrogen permeable membrane in which a hydrogen permeable metal is deposited galvanically on a fine mesh metal fabric.

Hydrogen permeatin membrane, process for its manufacture and use

A method of controlling the reactivity of a gas-cooled core reactor the core of which consists of a pile of poured balls of equal diameter of fuel material which are withdrawn from the pile in downward direction and, if desired, are again added from above in conformity with the extent to which the pile of fuel balls has burned off. The method is characterized primarily in that balls which consist of absorbing material and have a diameter shorter than the diameter D of the balls of fuel material are introduced into the poured pile, the diameter d.sub.A of the balls of absorbing material being d.sub.Z .ltoreq.d.sub.A .ltoreq.d.sub.z +xd, preferably d.sub.Z &lt;d.sub.A &lt;d.sub.Z &lt;+xd.sub.Z if d.sub.Z = D(2.sqroot.3-1) and representing the diameter of the maximum possible ball which can be placed in the densest ball packing between three interengaging balls of fuel material, and when d.sub.Z +xd.sub.Z =D(.sqroot.2-1).

Growing community of inventors

Aachen, Germany

Claus-Benedict Von Der Decken