Arizona Chemical Company, LLC

Sylvachem Corporation

Claude Frank Phillips, Jr

Alexander J Conte

Raymond H Jones

Dwight E Leavens

James William Booth

Patricia Phillips, Legal Representative

Bobby G Johnson

Tall oil heads may be used in lieu of, or in combination with, conventional fatty acids in the compounding and curing of vulcanizable rubber. Tall oil heads inherently contain a significant amount of neutral materials, and their incorporation into a pre-vulcanized rubber composition allows the compounder to incorporate less aromatic oil into the composition. The composition may be made by a method comprising compounding a mixture comprising a vulcanizable elastomer, a sulfur source, and Tall Oil Heads (TOH), the TOH comprising 40-75 wt % fatty acids and greater than 10 wt % neutral materials, and heating the compounded mixture to a temperature sufficient to cause substantial crosslinking of the elastomer.

Methods of vulcanizing elastomers using tall oil heads

The specification discloses a method for vulcanizing an elastomer using as the cure promoter the monomeric distillate by-product from the clay-based dimerization of an unsaturated fatty acid mixture, preferably a tall oil fatty acid mixture. The distillate provides a cost-effective alternative to conventional fatty acid promoters.

Elastomeric composition using monomeric distillate by-product

Methods for vulcanizing elastomers using monomeric distillate by-product

The specification discloses terpene-based solvent compositions which comprise diterpenes as a major component and a minor amount of monoterpenes. The mixtures exhibit solvent properties similar to monoterpenes but have flash points high enough to be classified as combustible rather than flammable materials.

Terpene-based solvents

The specification discloses an emulsifier for use in preparing olefinic polymers by emulsion polymerization which comprises a mixture of alkali metal salts of unsaturated branched chain isomers of fatty acids characterized by a relatively low concentration of di- and poly-unsaturated fatty acids. The unsaturated branched chain isomers of fatty acids are preferably provided by the monomeric distillate fraction from the dimerization of the unsaturated fatty acid fraction of tall oil, and the alkali metal is preferably selected from the group consisting of sodium and potassium. The disclosure also describes a polymerization emulsion for use in the polymerization of olefinic monomers and a method for polymerizing olefinic monomeric compounds employing an emulsifier which comprises the saponified monomeric distillate fraction from the dimerization of unsaturated fatty acids.

Method for emulsion polymerization

Terpene dimer compositions are provided which dry into a hard, tack free film upon exposure to air. The compositions include a terpene dimer having the molecular formula C.sub.20 H.sub.32 and contain at least one double bond. The terpene dimer is derived from a naturally occurring monoterpene, or mixtures thereof, having the molecular formula C.sub.10 H.sub.16. In an another embodiment the compositions, in addition to the terpene dimer, include isomers of the monoterpenes. The compositions are substantially free of higher terpene oligomers having molecular formulas greater than C.sub.20 H.sub.32. Processes for making the terpene dimer compositions are also provided. Advantageous utilization of these compositions is as a diluent, solvent or component in coating, adhesive, alkyd or ink formulations, as an environmentally safe non-toxic material.

Terpene dimer compositions and related methods of manufacture

Process for treating tall oil heads with alkali at elevated temperature for recovery of heads fatty acids is improved by performing a fusion cook of such heads initiated with essentially dry alkali.

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Lynn Haven, FL, United States of America

Claude Frank Phillips, Jr