Akzona Incorporated

Claude D Johnson

Robert L Lilly

Gerardus L Tummers

Roger D Davis

A time indicator which is substantially unaffected by variations in temperature. The indicator utilizes a silicone oil which is slowly absorbed onto and moves up a porous strip at a rate which is a function of time. One side of the strip is printed with an oil soluble ink, while the other side is unprinted. The printed side of the strip is laminated with polyethylene film to an unprinted strip. As the silicone oil moves up the strip, the oil contacts the ink causing a dye in the ink to migrate from the printed side to the unprinted side, thus providing a measurable color front moving up the strip. The oil is contained in a frangible ampul and a sponge with a small hole at the bottom is situated between the ampul and the strip. The indicator is substantially unaffected by normal variations in temperature and humidity.

Elapsed time indicator

There is provided a freeze indicator which includes a frangible ampule substantially filled with a mixture of water, a nucleating agent, and a surfactant. Upon reaching the freezing point of water, most of the water will freeze and expand, and fracture the frangible ampule. The nucleating agent has substantially similar molecular space grouping to frozen liquid to overcome the undercooling effect. The surfactant provides an increased surface area of contact between the water and the nucleating agent. The frangible ampule is in contact with a pad which has a water soluable dye printed on one side. When the ampule breaks, it releases some of the water, and the dye is wicked to one side of the pad by the water, showing a color change. In order to fine-tune the freeze indicator, varying amounts of deuterium oxide may be added to the water to raise its freezing point.

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Arden, NC, United States of America

Claude D Johnson