International Power Technology

Polar Spring Corporation

Chung-Nan Chang

Dah Y Cheng

William M Conlon

James J Hamill

William Conlon

Donald M Hendricks

Ramarao Digumarthi

An improved water purification apparatus and method includes the freeze plate of a refrigeration system disposed in contact with the surface of water to be purified for transferring heat from the water substantially only through the surface and for forming a layer of ice only near the surface that is nearly as thick as the volume of water is deep. Electrostatic field is produced to improve the rejection of impurities at the ice-water interface. System and operating parameters are described for the optimum production of purified water through recurring cycles of freezing, draining, melting, and recovering melt water in batch processing of impure water using a refrigeration system of selected heat-removing capacity.

Method and means for optimizing batch crystallization for purifying water

An improved procedure for cold start-up of closed loop boiler set and Cheng cycle system wherein the venting step, the boiler swelling problem and blowdown step of the conventional start-up are eliminated by use of an external pressure source to increase the operating pressure in the evaporator section which minimizes premature phase change and accompanying volume increase.

Method and apparatus for improved start-up procedures in conventional

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Los Altos, CA, United States of America

Chung-Nan Chang