International Business Machines Corporation

Christopher W Steffen

Eric J Campbell

Chad M Albertson

Nicholas Ollerich

Sarah K Czaplewski

Daniel J Buvid

Grant Paul Kesselring

James David Strom

John Michael Borkenhagen

Andrew Douglas Davies

Patrick James Meaney

Glen Arthur Wiedemeier

Curtis Carl Wollbrink

David Michael Friend

Erik English

Chad Andrew Marquart

Luiz Carlos Alves

Michael Wayne Harper

Dereje G Yilma

Gary Alan Peterson

Jeffrey Kwabena Okyere

Venkat Harish Nammi

Christopher N Oelsner

Nathan Ross Blanchard

Vikram B Raj

Sarah K Czaplewski-Campbell

Jennifer I Bennett

Elin F LaBreck

James Crugnale

John P Borkenhagen

A pulse limiter circuit of a phase-locked loop (PLL) receives, from a phase frequency detector of the PLL, first second input pulses, where pulse widths of the first and second input pulses indicate whether a reference clock signal leads or lags a feedback clock signal. The pulse limiter circuit determines whether a pulse width of the first or second input pulse is greater than a selected duration indicative of transient phase jitter. Based on determining the pulse width of the first or second input pulse is greater than the selected duration, the pulse limiter circuit sets a pulse width of a first output pulse equal to a pulse width of a second output pulse width and outputs the first and second output pulses to a charge pump of the PLL, such that no phase adjustment to the feedback clock signal is made based on the first and second input pulses.

Phase-locked loop update cancellation

Provided is a method for collecting sensor data using time-domain reflectometry (TDR). A primary device transmits a TDR signal to a first sensor. A reflected signal is received in response to the transmitted TDR signal. The reflected signal is analyzed to determine an impedance of the first sensor. Based on the impedance of the first sensor, a sensor value for the first sensor is determined.

Time-domain reflectometry protocol for sensors

A system and method for pairing two devices for secure communications. A user selects a first device to pair with a second device. The first and second devices have the ability to securely communicate with each other through the use of encrypted communications. An encryption key is written to the first device and then burned into the encryption module on the first device. A third device is selected to pair with the first device. A second encryption key is written to the first device and then burned into the encryption module.

Secure pairing of devices

A system and method of securely controlling a device from another device. The user of the device attempts to modify the device in some way. In response to the attempted modification a request is generated and sent to a controlling device. The request includes information related to the desired modification. The controlling device analyzes the request and a determination on how to respond to the request is made. This response is encrypted at the controlling device and transmitted to the device. The device then decrypts the response and implements the indicated response to the request. The encryption and decryption keys are burned into the corresponding devices such that information needed to decrypt the response is not transmitted to the device.

Secure modification of controlled devices

A system and method to tie a removable component to a host device. A first pairing key is stored into a security module on a host device such as a server rack. A removable component is inserted into the server rack for the first time. In response to this first insertion the first pairing key is burned into the removable component using a plurality of physically modifiable internal components. The server rack/security module receives a request form the removable component to operate on the server rack, the request includes a burned in pairing key. The security module compares the received pairing key with the first pairing key and permits operation of the removable component in response to a match between the received pairing key and the first pairing key.

Pairing devices for enhanced security

A system and method for pairing two devices for secure communications. A user selects a first device to pair with a second device. The first and second devices have the ability to securely communicate with each other through the use of encrypted communications. An encryption key is written to the first device and then burned into the encryption module on the first device. A corresponding decryption key is written to the second device and then is burned into the decryption module of the second device.

A system and method for providing a secure image load. The system includes a microcontroller. The microcontroller has a plurality of physically modifiable internal components (PMIC). Each of the plurality of PMICs can only be modified one time. The system further includes an image loader configured to load a boot image from the memory of the microcontroller, and a checksum calculator configured to calculate a checksum value for the boot image. The system further includes a checksum burner configured to modify the plurality of PMICs to create a binary representation of the checksum value for the image. A checksum value is calculated for the image. This checksum value is written to the microcontroller. The value is burned into the microcontroller using the PMICs. Further, responses to the checksum mismatch are burned into the microcontroller using the PMICs that are present in the microcontroller.

Secure embedded microcontroller image load

A system and method for providing content to a user outside of a home region. A portable device displays content to a user through a network connection. A home content provider provides content to the portable device from the home region. Some of the content provided is region restricted content. A location verifier determines that the portable device and the user are both physically located within the home region. The location verifier issues to the user a location token when the user and the portable device are in the home region. A token verifier verifies the location token when the user requests the region restricted content outside of the home region. The token verifier further instructs the home content provider to provide region restricted content to the user when the user has the location token.

Content access based on location token

On-chip spread spectrum characterization including obtaining, from a skitter circuit, skitter data comprising a spread width corresponding to an amplitude of a spread of a spread spectrum clock signal; setting an offset pointer to a center of the spread width corresponding to the amplitude of the spread; retrieving, for each of a number of reference clock cycles, edge data indicating a location, within the spread width, of an edge of the spread spectrum during the reference clock cycle; incrementing, using the edge data, an offset counter for each reference clock cycle during which the edge of the spread spectrum crosses the offset pointer; and calculating a frequency of the spread spectrum using the offset counter and the number of reference clock cycles.

On-chip spread spectrum characterization

On-chip spread spectrum synchronization between spread spectrum sources is provided. A spread spectrum amplitude of a signal of a spread spectrum reference clock is obtained using one or more delay lines of one or more delay elements in a skitter circuit. A spread width of the spread spectrum amplitude of the signal is determined, using one or more sticky latches in the skitter circuit, based on one or more edges of the signal. A delay line of the one or more delay elements corresponding to a falling edge of the spread width of the signal is identified using combinational circuitry of the skitter circuit. A spread spectrum signal of a spread spectrum slave clock is synchronized with the signal of the spread spectrum reference clock based on the delay line.

On-chip spread spectrum synchronization between spread spectrum sources

Aspects of the invention include a phase rotator, that is located at a built-in self-test (BIST) path of a receiver, receiving a clock signal from an on-chip clock. The phase rotator shifts the phases of the clock signal. The phase rotator transmits the shifted clock signal to a binary sequence generator, that is located at the receiver. The binary sequence generator outputs a binary sequence, where the binary sequence generator is driven by the shifted clock signal.

Self-contained built-in self-test circuit with phase-shifting abilities for high-speed receivers

A device includes a syringe, which has a tip, plunger, and barrel containing a fluid. The device also includes a needle electrode coupled to the tip of the syringe, a release component, and a control component configured to receive electrical measurements made by the needle electrode, determine impedance values from the electrical measurements, and identify a target tissue based on the impedance values. In response to the identification, the control component generates instructions to reposition a release component. A method includes receiving electrical measurements from a needle electrode, determining impedance values based on the electrical measurements. A target tissue is identified based on the impedance values, and a release component is repositioned in response. An article of manufacture includes a needle electrode and a microprocessor configured to receive electrical measurements, determine impedance values, identify a target tissue based on the impedance values, and generate instructions to reposition a release component.

Needle electrode for position-dependent injection

A phase locked loop includes a pulse limiter between a phase frequency detector and a charge pump. The phase frequency detector generates and sends a clock pulse to the pulse limiter. The pulse limiter generates a first signal that indicates that the clock pulse is greater than a minimum pulse width of the phase frequency detector. The pulse limiter receives a pulse limiter buffer selection signal that selects one buffer of a plurality of buffers within the pulse limiter. The pulse limiter generates a second signal that indicates a truncated pulse width as the minimum pulse width of the phase frequency detector plus a delay period that is associated with the pulse limiter buffer selection signal. The pulse limiter truncates the clock pulse to the truncated pulse width and sends the truncated clock pulse to the charge pump.

Phase locked loop pulse truncation

Aspects of the invention include a driver arranged at a stand-alone receiver that is configured to receive a binary sequence from a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) generator arranged at the receiver. The driver is configured to adjust the signal characteristics of the binary sequence to simulate channel loss at the receiver. The driver is further configured to output the adjusted binary sequence to a downstream data path of the receiver to enable the receiver to perform a self-test.

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Rochester, MN, United States of America

Christopher W Steffen