Syntropy Systems, LLC

Pagnanelli Family Trust

Solarflare Communications, Inc.

Interstate Electronics Corporation

Exaxion Scientific, LLC

Sytropy Systems, LLC

Pagnanelli, Christopher

Christopher Pagnanelli

William W Jones

George Zimmerman

James F Bauer

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for converting digital data to radio-frequency (RF) signals. One such apparatus includes a reactive-impedance network within which the levels of multiple binary waveforms are individually boosted, before being combined to produce a single, composite output signal.

Distributed conversion of digital data to radio frequency

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses, methods and techniques for driving a differential transmission line and an associated differential load. One such apparatus includes an input data line; an output data line; positive and negative supply rails; a pair of source termination resistors coupled to the positive supply rail; a first pair of n-channel transistors coupled to the source resistors and to the output data line; and a second pair of n-channel transistors coupled to the output line and to the negative supply rail.

Differential line driver

Provided, among other things, is an apparatus that converts a signal from one sampling domain to another, and which includes: an input line for accepting an input signal and a processing branch. The processing branch includes a branch input coupled to the input line for inputting data samples that are discrete in time and in value, a quadrature downconverter, a first and second lowpass filter, a first and second polynomial interpolator, and a rotation matrix multiplier that provides a phase rotation. The processing branch generates data samples at a sampling interval that differs from the sampling interval associated with the signal provided to the branch input, e.g., with the difference in the sampling intervals depending on fluctuations in the output period of a local oscillator. Certain embodiments include multiple such processing branches, e.g., operating on different frequency bands of the input signal.

Apparatuses and methods for sample rate conversion

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for performing a semi-autonomous and/or autonomous measurement of the depth of a hole drilled into bone during a medical/surgical procedure. One such apparatus is activated by a tactile command, provides a digital readout of hole depth, and includes a controller module, a stepper/encoder unit, a linear actuator, and a position sensor.

Method and apparatus for depth measurement

An exemplary apparatus for converting fluctuations in periodicity of an input signal into proportional fluctuations in the amplitude of an output signal includes: an input line for accepting an input signal; a delay element with an input coupled to the input line and an output; a detector having a first input coupled to the input line, a second input coupled to the output of the delay element, and an output; an integrator having an input coupled to the output of the detector and an output; and an output line coupled to the output of the integrator. The delay element introduces a time delay which is greater than zero and less than twice the nominal oscillation period of the input signal. The detector performs a differencing operation. The integrator has a time constant of integration that is smaller than twice the delay applied by the delay element.

Apparatuses and methods for converting fluctuations in periodicity of an input signal into fluctuations in amplitude of an output signal

Provided, among other things, is an apparatus for digitally processing a discrete-time signal that includes: an input line for accepting an input signal, processing branches coupled to the input line, and an adder coupled to outputs of the processing branches. First and second lowpass filters, each having a frequency response with a magnitude that varies approximately with frequency according to a product of raised functions, are included within baseband processors in such processing branches.

Digital signal processor

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for automatically adjusting the noise-transfer-function of a modulator which is designed to attenuate the level of unwanted noise and/or distortion in a particular frequency band, without similarly attenuating the level of a desired signal in the same frequency band. One such apparatus includes a processing block for generating and injecting an explicit reference signal, and a processing block for detecting the amplitude of that reference signal.

Apparatuses and methods for sample-rate conversion

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for generating discrete-time sinusoidal sequences. One such apparatus includes a plurality of parallel processing branches, with each of the parallel processing branches operating at a subsampled rate and utilizing a recursive filter to generate sub-rate samples which represent a different subsampling phase of a complete signal that is output by the apparatus.

Generation of high-rate sinusoidal sequences

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses, methods and techniques for converting a discrete-time quantized signal into a continuous-time, continuously variable signal. An exemplary converter preferably includes: (1) multiple oversampling converters, each processing a different frequency band, operated in parallel; (2) multirate (i.e., polyphase) delta-sigma modulators (preferably second-order or higher); (3) multi-bit quantizers; (4) multi-bit-to-variable-level signal converters, such as resistor ladder networks or current source networks; (5) adaptive nonlinear, bit-mapping to compensate for mismatches in the multi-bit-to-variable-level signal converters (e.g., by mimicking such mismatches and then shifting the resulting noise to a frequently range where it will be filtered out by a corresponding bandpass (reconstruction) filter); (6) multi-band (e.g., programmable noise-transfer-function response) bandpass delta-sigma modulators; and/or (7) a digital pre-distortion linearizer (DPL) for canceling noise and distortion introduced by an analog signal bandpass (reconstruction) filter bank.

Conversion of a discrete-time quantized signal into a continuous-time, continuously variable signal

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for changing the sampling rate of a discrete-time signal. One such apparatus includes a plurality of parallel processing paths, with each path comprising multiple storage banks and multiplexing elements that operate at a subsampling rate.

Polyphase buffer for rate-conversion

Provided are, among other things, systems, apparatuses methods and techniques for providing a complete output signal from a set of partial signals, which in turn have been generated by parallel processing paths in the time-interleaved and/or frequency-interleaved conversion of discrete signals to linear signals (i.e., discrete-to-linear conversion). One such apparatus includes a distributed network comprising a plurality of ladder networks through which input signals propagate before being combined to form an output signal.

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Christopher Pagnanelli