International Business Machines Corporation

Christopher Munjal Nolan

David E Wilson

William G Visotski

Octavian Florin Filoti

Robert Leslie Yates

Bridget Briana Beamon

Bryan J Kyle

Kay Mueller

Bradley M Debroni

Stephen Arthur Boxwell

James William Murdock, Iv

Nisarga Markandaiah

Stanley John Vernier

Radha Mohan De

Mary Swift

Renee F Decker

Elinna Shek

Chengmin Ding

Sujoy Roy

Sai Prathyusha Peddi

Lin Pan

Eun Ha

Chung-Wei Hang

Kazi Hasan

A question answering (QA) system comprising memory for storing instructions, and a processor configured to execute the instructions to ingest source documents that include structured data and unstructured data to create a knowledge base, wherein the unstructured data includes table data; create table annotations to represent the table data; store the ingested structured data, unstructured data, and the table annotations in the knowledge base; and determine answers to questions using the knowledge base.

Framework for analyzing table data by question answering systems

Systems and methods for generating answers to questions. One method includes receiving a question having question terms; identifying candidate answers to the question having answer terms; searching data sources to determine passages including either a question term or an answer term in the candidate answer; scoring the passages for candidate answers using a scoring mechanism, the scoring mechanism computing a first degree of relevance of the passage to the question terms, computing a second degree of relevance of the passage to the answer terms of one of the candidate answers, and determining a score for the passage by combining the first degree of relevance and the second degree of relevance; ranking candidate answers to the question based on the scores associated with the scoring each of the passages for each of the candidate answers; and providing an answer to the question based on ranking of the candidate answers.

Supporting evidence retrieval for complex answers

Embodiments may provide a computer implemented method in a data processing system comprising a processor and a memory, the memory comprising instructions that are executed by the processor to cause the processor to implement a system for bookmarking, the method comprising: receiving, by the processor, at least one search query from a user; returning, by the processor, a set of search results and a search score for each search result to the user; recording, by the processor, behavior of the user with respect to the search results; selecting, by the processor, at least one search result based on recorded behavior and the search score; determining, by the processor, at least one topic for the at least one selected search result; and generating, by the processor, a bookmark for each selected search result, under the at least one topic.

Intelligent bookmarking with cognitive capability

An approach is provided in which a knowledge manager generates a knowledge structure that includes security annotation tokens and term tokens. Each of the security annotation tokens are stored in a parallel field and align to at least one of the term tokens. The knowledge manager matches security policies corresponding to a search request to one or more of the security annotation tokens and, in turn, generates search results based upon obfuscation of one or more of the term tokens aligned to the matched security annotation tokens.

Multi-focused fine-grained security framework

An approach is provided in which a knowledge manager generates term tokens from terms included in an original text stream, and generates annotation tokens with corresponding term location information. In turn, the knowledge manager generates a knowledge structure that indexes the term tokens into original text fields and indexes the annotation tokens into parallel fields that align to the original text fields based upon the term location information.

Framework for annotated-text search using indexed parallel fields

An approach is provided in which a knowledge manager generates syntactic annotation tokens that correspond to syntactic relationships between terms included in a source document. The knowledge manager creates a knowledge structure that stores the syntactic annotation tokens in parallel fields and stores the source document terms in original text fields, which align to the parallel fields. In turn, the knowledge manager utilizes the knowledge structure to generate answers to questions based upon the syntactic annotation tokens.

Augmented text search with syntactic information

Mechanisms are provided for performing context based synonym filtering for natural language processing. Content is parsed into one or more conceptual units, wherein each conceptual unit comprises a portion of text of the content that is associated with a single concept. For each conceptual unit, a term in the conceptual unit is identified that has a synonym to be utilized during natural language processing of the content. A first measure of relatedness of the term to at least one other term in the conceptual unit is determined. A second measure of relatedness of the synonym of the term to the at least one other term in the conceptual unit is determined. A determination whether or not to utilize the synonym when performing natural language processing on the conceptual unit is made based on the first and second measures of relatedness and natural language processing on the content is performed accordingly.

Context based synonym filtering for natural language processing systems

According to an aspect, a question answering computer system determines a set of search terms for a given question. A plurality of passages that each includes at least one search term in the set of search terms is identified in response to a search of a document for search terms in the set of search terms. A passage from the plurality of passages is selected. A context based score of the selected passage that indicates the likelihood that the selected passage contains an answer to the question is generated based on criteria that specify a relationship among the set of search terms, content of the passage, and content of at least one other passage in the plurality of passages.

Context based passage retreival and scoring in a question answering system

Context based passage retrieval and scoring in a question answering system

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Acton, MA, United States of America

Christopher Munjal Nolan