Leland Stanford Junior University

University of Colorado

University of Texas System

University of Nevada

Christopher Jeffrey Barile

Michael T Strand

Tyler S Hernandez

David Alvin Tyvoll

Michael David McGehee

James P Collman

Michael D Mcgehee

Daniel J Slotcavage

Andrew L Yeang

Brian S Bull

Christopher S Navara

Paul Clifford Herrmann

Richard Decreau

Dynamic windows with adjustable tint give users greater control over flow of light and heat. Reversible metal electrodeposition dynamic windows include (i) a transparent or translucent conductive electrode; (ii) an electrolyte solution in contact with the electrode, the electrolyte solution comprising metal cations that are reversibly electrodeposited onto the transparent electrode upon application of a cathodic potential; and (iii) a counter electrode. The electrolyte solution advantageously includes a small amount of an additive (e.g., an inhibitor, an accelerator, a leveler, or an organic or inorganic molecule that similarly serves to enhance the surface morphology of the metal cations during reversible metal electrodeposition onto the transparent electrode). Such enhancement of surface morphology during the reversible electrodeposition of the metal tinting layer over the electrode enhances one or more of color neutrality, transmittance characteristics of visible wavelengths (e.g., ability to achieve a near 0% transmission privacy state), infrared reflectance, or switching speed.

Electrolyte and additive for controlling morphology and optics of reversible metal films

Electrolyte additive for controlling morphology and optics of reversible metal films

The present disclosure is directed toward an electrodeposition-based dynamic glass element comprising an electrolyte that includes an aqueous solvent and an additive, wherein the electrolyte is stable over a temperature range that is greater than the stable temperature range of the aqueous solvent alone. In some embodiments, the freezing point of the electrolyte is lowered by its inclusion of the additive. Additives suitable for use in accordance with the present disclosure include alcohols, metal salts, sugars, cryoprotectants, and the like. In some cases, the freezing point of the aqueous-solvent-based electrolyte is lowered from 0&#xb0; C. to &#x2212;40&#xb0; C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive. In some cases, the maximum stable temperature of the electrolyte is increased from 100&#xb0; C. to 110&#xb0; C. by virtue of the inclusion of the additive.

Dynamic windows comprising aqueous electrolytes having enhanced temperature stability

The present disclosure enables high contrast, fast, uniform, and color-neutral dynamic-glass elements based on uniform and reversible electrodeposition of metals a surface of the element. Elements in accordance with the present disclosure include a surface-modified transparent-conductor-based window electrode, wherein the surface modification of the window electrode includes a nucleation layer that is anchored to the transparent conductor via a non-metallic adhesion layer. In some embodiments, a plurality of traces is disposed on and electrically connected to the window electrode to reduce the voltage drop across the total area of the element, where the traces have a core made of a low-resistivity material.

Dynamic glass and method of formation

Disclosed are certain heterocyclic organic compounds that inhibit mitochondrial respiration and also lead to the maintenance of pluripotency of human embryonic stem cells in culture, even in the presence of oxygen. Exemplified are compounds, such as substituted 5-aminotetrazoles, which are reversible mitochondrial inhibitors. The pluripotency of the stem cells after culture is verified by the overexpression of pluripotent stem cell markers, exemplified by at least one of the genes NANOG, OCT4, and SURVIVIN after periods of culture in ambient oxygen.

Mitochondrial inhibitors for use in culturing pluripotent stem cells

It has been discovered that inhibiting mitochondrial respiration in platelets reduces platelet activation or platelet aggregation. Certain heterocyclic compounds significantly reduced one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting. Thus diseases or disorders mediated by inappropriately high levels of platelet activation or platelet aggregation can be treated by administering a therapeutically effective amount of a heterocyclic compound or nonheterocyclic mitochondrial inhibitor that significantly reduces one or more platelet functions including clumping, sticking or platelet-stimulated clotting, preferably in a reversible manner.

Reducing platelet activation, aggregation and platelet-stimulated thrombosis or blood coagulation by reducing mitochondrial respiration

Growing community of inventors

San Carlos, CA, United States of America

Christopher Jeffrey Barile