Albemarle Corporation

Ethyl Corporation

Albermarle Corporation

Albemarie Corporation

Albemrle Corporation

Christopher J Nalepa

Joe D Sauer

Jonathan N Howarth

Hassan Y Elnagar

Robert M Moore, Jr

Michael J Sanders

Qunhui Zhou

Gregory H Lambeth

David L Shelton

Yinzhi Zhang

J Kenneth Presswood

Jonathan P O'Dwyer

Gordon G Knapp

Kevin Coppola

Srinivasa S Godavarthy

Yunqi Liu

Jacobus Nicolaas Louwen

James H Simon

Paul F Ranken

Karl E Wiegand

Kestutis A Keblys

John C Parks

Sidney G Nelson

Govindarajulu Kumar

Joel F Carpenter

John C Prindle

Farah D Azarnia

Scott A Culley

Richmond M Starrett

William S Pickrell

Ronald Ray Landreth

Seyed Behrooz Ghorishi

Ronald R Landreth

Seyed B Ghorishi

Jacobus N Louwen

George W Cook

Robert M Moore

This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon or more, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20&#xb0; F. or less, and comprise water and one or more inorganic bromide salts, with the provisos that

High density aqueous well fluids

This invention provides zinc-free aqueous brine compositions. These zinc-free aqueous brine compositions have a density of about 14.3 pounds per gallon or more, and a true crystallization temperature of about 20&#xb0; F. or less, and comprise water and one or more inorganic bromide salts, with the provisos that when calcium bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, when lithium bromide is present, calcium bromide is absent, when bismuth(III) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present, and for a true crystallization temperature of about 10&#xb0; F. or less, when manganese(II) bromide is present, one or more other water-soluble inorganic salts are also present. Processes for forming these zinc-free aqueous brine compositions are also provided.

Disclosed are sorbents having superior water leachability performance characteristics especially when used as sorbents in semi-dry (CDS), high moisture (SDA), and fully wet SOscrubbers. Also disclosed are methods for the production of such performance-enhanced sorbents, and methods for the use of such sorbents in the removal of mercury and possibly one or more other heavy metals or other contaminants from various gaseous streams. The sorbents are carbonaceous substrates treated with a bromine-containing compound, especially gaseous bromine, and with at least one organic compound that contains at least one olefinic double bond.

Flue gas sorbents, methods for their manufacture, and their use in removal of mercury from gaseous streams

The present invention relates to liquid mixtures and compositions having high bromine concentrations that find use as biocides and processes for preparing them.

Highly concentrated, biocidally active compositions and aqueous mixtures and methods of making the same

Thermally-activated cellulosic-based carbon is rendered more thermally stable by exposure to a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound. Such treated cellulosic-based carbon is suitable for use in mitigating the content of hazardous substances in flue gases, especially flue gases having a temperature within the range of from about 100&#xb0; C. to about 420&#xb0; C.

Self-ignition resistant thermally-activated carbon

Compositions, and processes utilizing such compositions, are provided for reducing mercury emissions from combustion gases. Such compositions comprise a wood-derived or coconut shell-derived activated carbon and/or a bromide-containing inorganic salt such as an ammonium bromide or calcium bromide salt.

Use of bromide-containing inorganic salt for reducing mercury emissions from combustion gas streams

Activated cellulosic-based carbon is rendered more thermally stable by exposure to water or aqueous acid, and optionally, to a halogen and/or a halogen-containing compound. Such treated cellulosic-based carbon has enhanced thermal properties and is suitable for use in mitigating the content of hazardous substances in flue gases, especially flue gases having a temperature within the range of from about 100&#xb0; C. to about 420&#xb0; C.

Brominated sorbents for removing mercury from emissions produced during fuel combustion

Described are highly concentrated liquid biocidal solutions formed in water from (a) specified bromine sources (e.g., BrCl or mixtures of BrCl and Br) and (b) alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid and/or sulfamic acid and alkali metal base, wherein the solution contains &#x3e;160,000 ppm of active bromine. Solutions of this type have been found to have greater stability than a commercially-available solution made from the same components containing 148,600 ppm of active bromine. Also described are new, water-soluble, solid state biocidal products formed by removing the water from solutions made in water from (a) and (b) irrespective of the initial concentration of active bromine. Removal of water can be accomplished by flashing or distillation at reduced pressure or preferably by spray drying. Such solid state products are typically in the form of powders or small particles, but can be compacted into larger forms preferably with the aid of one or more suitable binding agents.

Active bromine containing biocidal compositions and their preparation

Compositions, and processes utilizing such compositions, are provided for reducing mercury emissions from combustion gases. Such compositions comprise a sorbent and a brominated organic compound.

Sorbent compositions and processes for reducing mercury emissions from combustion gas streams

The process involves (a) continuously forming bromine chloride from separate feed streams of bromine and chlorine by maintaining said streams under automatic feed rate control whereby the streams are continuously proportioned to come together in equimolar amounts to form bromine chloride; (b) continuously forming an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), a pH of at least 7, and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine greater than 0.93:1 by continuously feeding into mixing apparatus separate feed streams of (1) bromine chloride formed in (a), and (2) an aqueous solution of alkali metal salt of sulfamic acid, under automatic feed rate control whereby the feed streams are continuously proportioned to come together in amounts that produce an aqueous product having an active bromine content of at least 100,000 ppm (wt/wt), a pH of at least 7, and an atom ratio of nitrogen to active bromine from (1) and (2) greater than 0.93:1; and, (c) withdrawing said aqueous product from said mixing apparatus at a rate sufficient to enable the continuous feeding in (a) and (b) to be maintained.

Continuous processes for preparing concentrated aqueous liquid biocidal compositions

Mercury adsorbed from combustion gas by activated carbon can be sequestered in concrete containing air-entraining admixtures. The activated carbon may be made by providing a carbon char made from coconut shell, wood, or lignite that was activated by a method selected from the group consisting of activating with steam, activating with CO, activating in an environment containing free oxygen, and combinations thereof to provide an activated carbon with an Acid Blue 80 Index of less than about 30 milligrams per gram of carbon. The activated carbon may be injected into a combustion gas stream containing fly ash and mercury and may then be removed with fly ash from the gas stream. The resulting composition may be used as a partial substitute for cement in air-entrained concretes.

Compositions and methods to sequester flue gas mercury in concrete

Compositions, and processes utilizing such compositions, are provided for reducing mercury emissions during fuel combustion Such compositions comprise a sorbent, a bromine source and a chlorine source Such compositions exhibit improved thermal stability as compared to that of the sorbent by itself.

Bromine chloride compositions for removing mercury from emissions produced during fuel combustion

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Zachary, LA, United States of America

Christopher J Nalepa