University of California

Massachusetts Institute of Technology

Christopher Cullander

Richard H Guy

Robert S Hinz

Peretz Glikfeld

Girish Rao

Robert Samuel Langer

Mark R Prausnitz

James C Weaver

Uwe Pliquett

Rita Vanbever

Thomas E Zewert

Tani Chen

Method for the iontophoretic non-invasive determination of the in vivo concentration level of an inorganic or organic substance

A method of modifying epidermis for transport of a material by electroporation includes applying to epidermis an agent that, upon entry into the epidermis, will modify the epidermis to thereby cause and altered rate of transport of a material across the epidermis. Typically, the altered rate will be an increased rate of transport. The epidermis is electroporated, whereby at least a portion of the modifying agent enters the electroporated epidermis, thereby modifying the epidermis to cause an altered rate of transport of a material across the epidermis. In another embodiment, the modifying agent can modify the epidermis to enable measurement and/or monitoring of physiological conditions or change within or beneath the epidermis. The modifying agents can also be employed to facilitate discharge of fluids from within an organism, such as by providing pathways for discharge of fluids from a tumor. Examples of modifying agents include: oxidizing agents; reducing agents; particles, such as optical indicator beads or beads that include drugs to be released into tissue; electrically-charged particles or molecules; etc. Materials that can be transported by the method of the invention include, for example, proteins, nucleic acids, electrically charged molecules or particles, microorganisms suitable for immunization, etc. Also, tissues other than skin can be employed in the method of the invention.

Introduction of modifying agents into skin by electroporation

The present invention relates to an vitro device for the removal of ionized substances from a membrane sample without mechanical penetration, which device comprises:

Method for the iontophoretic non-invasive determination of the in vivo

Device for iontophoretic non-invasive sampling or delivery of substances

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Berkeley, CA, United States of America

Christopher Cullander